Table 6 Literature review of fully thread screw fixation versus partial threaded cannulated screws for femoral neck fracture treatment
Authors | Year | Patients n | Patient age (years, range) | Classification and proportion (%) | Internal fixationa | Shortening | Complication (%) | Screw migration | Level of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chiang MH et al. [15] | 2019 | 50 | 71.7 (37–95) | Pauwels I-II 45 (90%); Pauwels III 5 (10%) | 17 by FTHCS; 33 by PTS | Significant shortening (> 5 mm) in both PTS (27.6%) and FTHCS (31.1%); no difference in length of neck shortening and neck-shaft angle tendency | 1 nonunion and 2 ANFH in FTHCS (17.6%); 3 nonunion and 4 ANFH in PTS (21.1%) | N | Retrospective cohort study-III |
Weil et al. [13] | 2018 | 65 | 65.7 (14–91) | Garden I–II 59 (91%); Garden III–IV 6 (9%) | 24 by FTCS; 41 by PTS | Smaller amounts of shortening with moderate or severe (> 5 mm) in FTCS; more valgus neck-shaft angle in PTS. | 3 nonunion, 3 varus collapse and implant failure, 2 ANFH in FTCS (33.3%); 6 ANFH, 3 nonunion in PTS (22.0%) | 17 screw pullout more than 5 mm in PTS; none in FTCS | Prospective case series with historical controls study-III |
Zhang B et al. [10] | 2018 | 59 | 50.2 (20–65) | Vertical femoral neck fracture (VN angle > 20°) | 31 by PTS; 28 by FTHCS | 9 shortening in PTS; 2 in FTHCS | 7 nonunion in PTS; 1 in FTHCS; 13 fixation failure in PTS; 4 in FTHCS; 7 Varus deformity in PTS; 1 in FTHCS; 3 fracture displacement in PTS; 1 in FTHCS | 10 nail withdrawal in PTS; 2 in FTHCS | Prospective comparative study-II |
Okcu et al. [16] | 2015 | 44 | 41.5 (21–70) | Pauwels I-II 21 (48%); Pauwels III 23(52%) | 22 by 3 or 4 FTHCS; 22 by 3 or 4 PTS | N | 4 nonunion and 4 varus malunion in FTHCS; 1 nonunion and 1 varus malunion in PTS | N | Prospective comparative study-II |
Boraiah et al. [14] | 2010 | 54 | 78 (48–100) | Garden I–II 25 (46%), Garden III–IV 29 (54%) | 54 by FTCS coupled with either DHS or DHHS | Vector on the z-axis a linear displacement of 1.98mm. Change in screw-shaft angle 0.6°. Femoral neck offset 3.5 mm, abductor lever arm length 1.5 mm | 2 nonunion failure and 1 ANFH; 7 residual greater trochanteric pain related to hardware | No screw pullout; average screw tip migration in x-, y- and, z- axis vector 0.7, 0.9, and 1.7 mm | Retrospective with historical controls-IV |