Table 1 Univariate analyses of risk factors associated with preoperative DVT following tibial plateau fracture
Variables | Number (%) of DVT (n = 192) | Number (%) of non-DVT (n = 987) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 139 (72.4) | 603 (61.1) | 0.003 |
Age (years) | 47.4 ± 11.9 | 45.2 ± 13.9 | 0.045 |
18–44 | 81(42.2) | 477 (48.3) | 0.108 |
45–64 | 96 (50.0) | 413 (41.8) | |
65 or older | 15 (7.8) | 97 (9.8) | |
Living place | 0.459 | ||
Rural | 126 (65.6) | 603 (61.1) | |
Urban | 66 (34.4) | 383 (38.8) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 2.9 | 25.8 ± 4.1 | 0.562 |
18.5–23.9 | 44 (23.0) | 318 (32.2) | |
< 18.5 | 2 (1.0) | 19 (1.9) | |
24.0–27.9 | 102 (54.0) | 409 (41.4) | |
≥ 28.0 | 44 (23.0) | 242 (24.5) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 23 (12.0) | 131 (13.3) | 0.627 |
Hypertension | 47 (24.5) | 167 (16.9) | 0.013 |
Chronic heart disease | 14 (7.3) | 42 (4.3) | 0.070 |
Chronic liver disease | 6 (3.1) | 47 (4.8) | 0.317 |
History of any surgery | 19 (9.9) | 116 (11.8) | 0.460 |
Allergy to any medications | 33 (17.2) | 121 (12.3) | 0.064 |
Fracture type (Schatzker) | 0.022 | ||
I–IV | 133 (69.3) | 760 (77.0) | |
V–VI | 59 (30.7) | 326 (23.0) | |
Mechanism (high-energy) | 120 (62.5) | 638 (64.6) | 0.571 |
Open fracture | 22 (11.5) | 49 (5.0) | 0.001 |
Current smoking | 37 (19.3) | 129 (13.1) | 0.024 |
Alcohol consumption | 20 (10.4) | 87 (8.8) | 0.480 |
Total hospital stay | 24.8 ± 15.5 | 19.2 ± 14.6 | 0.002 |
ASA class | 0.000 | ||
I | 29 (15.1) | 138 (14.0) | |
II | 116 (60.4) | 715 (72.4) | |
III or above | 47 (24.5) | 134 (13.6) | |
TP (< 60 g/L) | 66 (34.4) | 261 (26.4) | 0.025 |
ALB (< 35 g/L) | 61 (31.8) | 203 (20.6) | 0.001 |
GLOB (< 20 g/L) | 22 (11.5) | 154 (15.6) | 0.140 |
A/G | 0.020 | ||
1.2–2.4 | 164 (84.5) | 883 (89.5) | |
< 1.2 | 25 (13.0) | 73 (7.4) | |
> 2.4 | 3 (1.6) | 31 (3.1) | |
ALT (> 40 U/L) | 46 (24.0) | 180 (18.2) | 0.065 |
AST (> 35 U/L) | 33 (17.2) | 134 (13.6) | 0.189 |
TBIL (> 21 umol/L) | 20 (10.4) | 82 (8.3) | 0.342 |
DBIL (> 6umol/L) | 69 (35.9) | 274 (27.8) | 0.022 |
IBIL (> 14 umol/L) | 30 (15.6) | 150 (15.2) | 0.880 |
ALP (> 100) | 20 (10.4) | 41 (4.2) | 0.000 |
LDH (> 250 U/L) | 64 (33.3) | 214 (21.7) | 0.001 |
TC (> 5.2 mmol/L) | 17 (8.9) | 121 (12.3) | 0.179 |
TG (> 1.7 mmol/L) | 33 (17.2) | 167 (16.9) | 0.928 |
HDL-C (< 1.1 mmol/L) | 96 (50.0) | 388(39.3) | 0.006 |
LDL-C (> 3.37 mmol/L) | 27 (14.1) | 135(13.7) | 0.887 |
VLDL (> 0.78 mmol/L) | 32 (16.7) | 162 (16.4) | 0.931 |
Na+ (< 135 mmol/L) | 80 (41.7) | 286 (29.0) | 0.001 |
CL− (mmol/L) | 0.007 | ||
99–110 | 149 (77.6) | 847 (85.8) | |
< 99 | 40 (20.8) | 121 (12.3) | |
> 110 | 3 (1.6) | 19 (1.9) | |
GLU (> 6.1 mmol/L) | 82 (42.7) | 334 (33.8) | 0.019 |
UA (> upper limit) | 8 (4.2) | 78 (7.9) | 0.069 |
WBC (> 10*109/L) | 81 (42.2) | 310 (31.4) | 0.004 |
NEUT (> 6.3*109/L) | 116 (60.4) | 468 (47.4) | 0.003 |
LYM (< 1.1*109/L) | 57 (29.7) | 283 (28.7) | 0.776 |
MON (> 0.6*109/L) | 130 (67.7) | 592 (60.0) | 0.044 |
RBC < lower limit | 103 (53.6) | 388 (39.3) | 0.000 |
HGB < lower limit | 131 (68.2) | 526 (53.3) | 0.000 |
HCT < lower limit | 145 (75.5) | 605 (61.3) | 0.000 |
MCV (fL) | 0.737 | ||
82–100 | 176 (91.7) | 918 (93.0) | |
< 82 | 9 (4.7) | 35 (3.5) | |
> 100 | 7 (3.6) | 34 (3.4) | |
MCH (pg) | 0.658 | ||
27–34 | 176 (91.7) | 903 (91.5) | |
< 27 | 10 (5.2) | 42 (4.3) | |
> 34 | 6 (3.1) | 42 (4.3) | |
MCHC (< 316 g/L) | 0.759 | ||
316–354 | 179 (93.2) | 919 (93.1) | |
< 316 | 7 (3.6) | 29 (2.9) | |
> 354 | 6 (3.1) | 39 (4.0) | |
PDW (%) | 0.007 | ||
12–18.1 | 154 (80.2) | 871 (88.2) | |
< 12 | 34 (17.7) | 98 (9.9) | |
> 18.1 | 4 (2.1) | 18 (1.8) | |
D-dimer (> 0.5 mg/L) | 39 (20.3) | 153 (79.7) | 0.000 |
Anion gap (mmol/L) | 0.608 | ||
8–16 | 147 (76.6) | 773 (78.3) | |
< 8 | 43 (22.4) | 197 (20.0) | |
> 16 | 2 (1.0) | 17 (1.7) | |
OSM < 260 mOsm/L | 22 (11.5) | 95 (9.6) | 0.437 |