Table 1 Univariate analyses of risk factors associated with DVT of lower extremity following isolated patella fracture (continued)
Variables | Non-DVT (n = 687) (number (%)) | DVT (n = 29) (number (%)) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 406 (59.1) | 19 (65.5) | 0.491 |
Age (year) | 51.0 ± 14.5 | 59.6 ± 14.6 | 0.002 |
18–44 | 228 (33.2) | 6 (20.7) | 0.000 |
45–64 | 338 (49.2) | 9 (31.0) | |
65 or older | 121 (17.6) | 14 (48.3) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.937 | ||
18.5–23.9 | 412 (60.0) | 18 (62.1) | |
< 18.5 | 24 (3.5) | 0 (0) | |
24.0–27.9 | 185 (26.9) | 8 (27.6) | |
≥ 28.0 | 66 (9.6) | 3 (10.3) | |
Cigarette smoking | 90 (13.1) | 4 (13.8) | 0.784 |
Alcohol consumption | 63 (9.2) | 6 (20.7) | 0.051 |
Diabetes mellitus | 71 (10.3) | 6 (20.7) | 0.115 |
Hypertension | 142 (20.7) | 12 (41.4) | 0.008 |
Ischemic heart disease | 41 (6.0) | 3 (10.3) | 0.414 |
Arrhythmia | 29 (4.2) | 7 (24.1) | 0.000 |
Chronic lung diseases | 6 (0.9) | 2 (6.9) | 0.038 |
History of cerebral infarction | 25 (3.6) | 2 (6.9) | 0.300 |
History of any surgery | 116 (16.9) | 8 (27.6) | 0.136 |
Injury mechanism (high energy) | 90 (13.1) | 3 (10.3) | 0.665 |
Fracture type (comminuted) | 69 (10.0) | 6 (20.7) | 0.110 |
Preoperative stay | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 3.2 | 0.004 |
Total hospital stay | 11.9 ± 6.6 | 13.4 ± 6.9 | 0.238 |
Anesthesia (general) | 32 (4.7) | 3 (10.3) | 0.164 |
ASA class | 0.174 | ||
III and above | 33 (4.8) | 3 (10.3) | |
I and II | 654 (95.2) | 26 (89.7) | |
Intra-operative blood loss | 98.5 ± 42.8 | 126.9 ± 58.4 | 0.015 |
Surgical duration | 95.5 ± 30.3 | 139.3 ± 37.8 | 0.000 |
Tourniquet use (yes) | 553 (80.5) | 26 (89.7) | 0.219 |
TP (< 60 g/L) | 327 (47.6) | 11 (37.9) | 0.307 |
ALB (< 35 g/L) | 202 (29.4) | 5 (17.2) | 0.157 |
FBG (> 6.1 mmol/L) | 209 (30.4) | 7 (24.1) | 0.470 |
TC (> 5.2 mmol/L) | 53 (7.7) | 3 (10.3) | 0.489 |
TG (> 1.7 mmol/L) | 149 (21.7) | 5 (17.2) | 0.568 |
LDL-C (> 3.37 mmol/L) | 180 (26.2) | 13 (44.8) | 0.027 |
VLDL (> 0.78 mmol/L) | 147 (21.4) | 5 (17.2) | 0.592 |
HDL-C (< 1.1 mmol/L) | 189 (27.5) | 7 (24.1) | 0.690 |
WBC (> 10 × 109/L) | 141 (20.5) | 5 (17.2) | 0.667 |
NEUT (> 6.3 × 109/L) | 248 (36.1) | 11 (37.9) | 0.084 |
LYM (< 1.1 × 109/L) | 108 (15.7) | 5 (17.2) | 0.796 |
RBC (<lower limit) | 146 (21.3) | 9 (31.0) | 0.210 |
HGB (<lower limit) | 148 (21.5) | 10 (34.5) | 0.100 |
HCT (<lower limit) | 121 (17.6) | 10 (34.5) | 0.021 |
PLT (> 300 × 109/L) | 42 (6.1) | 6 (20.7) | 0.010 |
PDW (> 18.1%) | 13 (1.9) | 1 (3.4) | 0.442 |
RDW (> 16.5%) | 6 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0.780 |
D-dimer (> 0.3 mg/L) | 299 (43.5) | 20 (69.0) | 0.007 |