Fig. 5

New bone formation 7 weeks after implantation of V-CBA into a femoral shaft. The femoral explant taken at 7 weeks following V-CBA implantation was fixed and sectioned (a, b and c, d), and then histologically stained with H&E (panels a and c) or Masson’s trichrome (panels b and d). The images included implanted V-CBA bone chips (*) and demineralized bone fibers (black arrows). Newly formed, pre-mineralized bone matrix was observed surrounding the implanted bone chips (#), as well as between the demineralized bone fibers (green arrows). Note the zone of new mineralization forming within the newly formed bone (red arrows, panel d). Yellow arrows indicate bone cells within lacunae. New bone fully covers the surfaces of implanted cortico-cancellous bone chips. The new bone matrix formed an interconnected structure, connecting implanted bone chips and fibers. Merged multiple 10× images (a and b) and 10× images (c and d)