Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical parameters of the 50 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis

Sex (male: female)

7:22

5:16

0.651

Age (years)

71.8 ± 7.7

68.4 ± 8.5

0.728

Bone mineral density (T-score)

−3.6 ± 0.7

−3.3 ± 0.6

0.873

Surgical segment (L3:L4:L5)

1:15:13

1:9:10

0.635

Degree of displacement (I: II)

19: 10

13: 8

0.921

Operation time (min)*

186.1 ± 38.6

204.4 ± 27.1

0.034

Blood loss (ml)*

183.0 ± 23.6

236.4 ± 50.5

0.045

Hospitalization time (days)

5.5 ± 0.5

5.4 ± 0.7

0.098

Follow-up time (months)

29.1 ± 17.9

32.4 ± 15.7

0.234

Complications

 Superficial infection

1(3.4%)

1(4.8%)

0.387

 PMMA leakage/total quantity of CPSs*

4/58(7.0%)

10/84(11.9%)

0.014

 Cerebrospinal fluid leakage*

1(3.4%)

2(9.6%)

0.041

Fusion rate

100%

100%

0.173