Fig. 3

A 72-year-old female diagnosed with lumbar spondylolysis at the L5 vertebral body with osteoporosis (T = −2.8). a–b Preoperative lateral X-ray and CT scan showing grade II ture spondylolisthesis. c–d Bilateral PMMA-augmented CPSs are used for spinal fixation. The L5 vertebral body is well corrected, but PMMA leaked into the vertebral vein without any PMMA-related symptoms. e–f Lateral X-ray and CT scan at the last follow-up showing that no screw loosening occurs, and bony fusion is achieved. Lower back pain is ameliorated for this patient