Fig. 2

A 65-year-old female diagnosed with spondylolysis at the L4 vertebral body with osteoporosis (T = −3.2). a Preoperative lateral X-ray showing grade I lumbar spondylolisthesis. b–c Unilateral PMMA-augmented CPSs are used for spinal fixation. Immediate postoperative radiographs showing reconstruction for spondylolisthesis without PMMA leakage. d–e CPSs are observed in place after 49 months of surgery. f CT scan showing that bony fusion was achieved