Home-based motor imagery intervention improves functional performance following total knee arthroplasty in the short term: a randomized controlled trial

Table 5 Comparison of published studies on operated leg quadriceps strength recovery in patients undergoing TKA before and 1 month after surgery

Study	Test mode	Time point	Types of intervention	Groups
				PRE	POST	Percent of change	RDC (95% CI)	MBI
Bade and Stevens	Isometric 60° (Nm/kg)	3.5 weeks	HIRT	1.3 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.3	− 23.1	0.30 (− 0.11, 0.71)	Possibly beneficial
Bade and Stevens	Isometric 60° (Nm/kg)	3.5 weeks	LIRT	1.2 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.2	− 50.0	0.30 (− 0.11, 0.71)	Possibly beneficial
Stevens-Lapsley et al	Isometric 60° (Nm/kg)	3.5 weeks	NmES	1.33 ± 0.57	0.93 ± 0.41	− 30.1	0.26 (0.02, 0.50)	Possibly beneficial
Stevens-Lapsley et al	Isometric 60° (Nm/kg)	3.5 weeks	Usual care	1.32 ± 0.49	0.66 ± 0.24	− 50.0	0.26 (0.02, 0.50)	Possibly beneficial
Moukarzel et al.	Isometric HHD (Nm/BMI)	4 weeks	MIp	6.09 ± 0.55	13.30 ± 0.87	+ 118.4	1.59 (0.90, 2.28)	Most likely beneficial
Moukarzel et al.	Isometric HHD (Nm/BMI)	4 weeks	Usual care	6.14 ± 0.46	11.76 ± 0.82	+ 91.5	1.59 (0.90, 2.28)	Most likely beneficial
Current study	Isometric 60° (Nm/kg)	4 weeks	MIp	1.37 ± 0.35	0.80 ± 0.34	− 42.32	0.39 (0.03, 0.75)	Likely beneficial
Current study	Isometric 60° (Nm/kg)	4 weeks	Usual care	1.51 ± 0.38	0.55 ± 0.25	− 62.46	0.39 (0.03, 0.75)	Likely beneficial

HHD Hand-held dynamometer, HIRT High-intensity resistance training, LIRT Low-intensity resistance training, MBI Magnitude-based inference, MIp Motor imagery practice group, NmES Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, RDC Raw mean difference in change

ISSN: 1749-799X