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Table 3 The comparison results stratified by 19 influencing factors

From: Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Study

Comparison results

Heterogeneity

Model

p

OR

lower limit

upper limit

I2

p

1. Age (year)

> 60 vs. < 60

3

< 0.05

2.602

1.686

4.016

48.70%

0.142

Fixed

2. Gender

Male vs. Female

11

< 0.05

1.256

1.122

1.407

14.00%

0.311

Fixed

3. Tobacco smoker

Yes vs. No

8

< 0.05

1.692

1.458

1.964

49.30%

0.055

Fixed

4. Drink

Yes vs. No

2

0.083

1.367

0.960

1.947

0.00%

0.518

Fixed

5. Body mass index (BMI)

30 < BMI < 40 vs. BMI < 30

2

0.801

1.085

0.575

2.050

93.70%

< 0.05

Random

BMI > 40 vs. BMI < 30

2

< 0.05

1.874

1.607

2.185

0.00%

0.660

Fixed

BMI > 30 vs. BMI < 30

2

0.189

1.351

0.862

2.119

93.00%

< 0.05

Random

BMI > 40 vs. 30 < BMI < 40

2

0.045

1.773

1.014

3.102

84.30%

0.012

Random

BMI > 40 vs. BMI < 40

2

< 0.05

1.899

1.630

2.212

0.00%

0.892

Fixed

6. Diabetes

Yes vs. No

3

< 0.05

2.731

1.857

4.014

32.20%

0.229

Fixed

7. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs user

Yes vs. No

3

0.018

1.536

1.076

2.194

0.00%

0.384

Fixed

8. Opioids user

Yes vs. No

3

0.012

2.010

1.166

3.468

0.00%

0.370

Fixed

9. Fracture site

Middle vs. Proximal

7

< 0.05

3.152

2.019

4.922

0.00%

0.788

Fixed

Distal vs. Proximal

7

< 0.05

2.877

1.822

4.543

0.00%

0.911

Fixed

Distal vs. Middle

7

0.670

0.932

0.673

1.290

0.00%

0.650

Fixed

10. Injury energy

High vs. Low

4

0.001

2.602

1.484

4.562

35.90%

0.182

Fixed

11. Open fracture

Yes vs. No

9

< 0.05

2.846

1.700

4.202

16.50%

0.296

Fixed

12. Gustilo-Anderson gradea

IIIA vs. I or II

9

0.005

1.831

1.204

2.784

0.00%

0.847

Fixed

IIIB or IIIC vs. I or II

9

< 0.05

7.202

4.781

10.848

4.60%

0.394

Fixed

IIIB or IIIC vs. IIIA

9

< 0.05

3.695

2.422

5.639

32.60%

0.168

Fixed

13. Müller AO Classification of Fractures (AO) classificationb

B vs. A

7

0.010

2.522

1.249

5.930

54.20%

0.041

Random

C vs. A

7

< 0.05

3.685

2.405

5.648

37.00%

0.160

Fixed

C vs. B

7

< 0.05

3.569

2.428

5.325

39.60%

0.142

Fixed

14. Debride time

< 6 h vs. > 6 h

2

0.631

1.190

0.585

2.419

0.00%

0.520

Fixed

15. Open reduction

Yes vs. No

9

< 0.05

2.887

1.715

4.861

26.20%

0.220

Fixed

16. Fixation modec

IMN vs. MIPPO

15

0.003

2.681

1.397

5.146

0.00%

0.980

Fixed

IMN vs. ORIF

28

0.020

1.127

1.019

1.247

54.10%

<0.05

Random

ORIF vs. MIPPO

7

0.010

3.495

1.351

9.045

0.00%

0.859

Fixed

External vs. ORIF

10

0.115

0.506

0.217

1.182

54.00%

0.016

Random

Conservative vs. ORIF

4

0.264

1.496

0.737

3.035

64.10%

0.062

Fixed

External vs. IMN

10

0.993

1.006

0.266

3.806

55.40%

0.022

Random

17. Fibula fixed

Yes vs. No

7

0.435

1.317

0.659

2.634

47.60%

0.075

Random

18. Osteofascial compartment syndrome

Yes vs. No

3

0.106

1.420

0.968

2.173

80.30%

0.006

Fixed

19. Infection

Yes vs. No

2

< 0.05

11.877

7.461

18.906

52.10%

0.149

Fixed

  1. aGustilo-Anderson classification: grade I: clean wound < 1 cm in length; grade II: wound 1–10 cm in length without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps or avulsions; grade III: extensive soft-tissue laceration (> 10 cm) or tissue loss/damage or an open segmental fracture; grade IIIa: adequate periosteal coverage of the fracture bone despite the extensive soft-tissue laceration or damage; grade IIIb: extensive soft-tissue loss, periosteal stripping and bone damage, usually associated with massive contamination; grade IIIc: associated with an arterial injury requiring repair, irrespective of degree of soft-tissue injury
  2. bAO classification of tibia fractures with designations of A: simple, B: wedge, C: complex
  3. cORIF open reduction and internal fixation, IMN intramedullary nailing, MIPPO minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X