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Table 2 Radiological signs of adjacent segment degeneration

From: Long-term results after thoracoscopic anterior spondylodesis with or without posterior stabilization of unstable incomplete burst fractures of the thoracolumbar junction: a prospective cohort study

- 20% or more loss of disc height compared to cranial reference disc

- Anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis > 3 mm

- Osteophyte formation > 3 mm

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X