Table 1 Material properties used in the finite-element model
Component/materials | Young’s modulus E (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio |
|---|---|---|
Cortical bone (osteoporosis) | 8040(67% of normal) | 0.3 |
Cancellous bone (osteoporosis) | 34(34% of normal) | 0.2 |
Posterior element | 3500 | 0.25 |
Cartilage | 50 | 0.3 |
Endplate | 1000 | 0.3 |
Annulus fibrosus | 4.2 | 0.45 |
Nucleus pulposus | 1 | 0.499 |
Ligament | ||
Anterior longitudinal | 20 | 0.3 |
Posterior longitudinal | 20 | 0.3 |
Transverse | 59 | 0.3 |
Ligamentum flavum | 19.5 | 0.3 |
Interspinous | 12 | 0.3 |
Supraspinous | 15 | 0.3 |
Spinal instrumentation (titanium alloy) | 110000 | 0.3 |
Spinal cage | 3600 | 0.3 |
Bone cement | 3000 | 0.4 |