Table 2 Characteristics of instrumented spine patients (cases) versus others (controls) before and after matching
Full sample | Matched case-controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-instrumented | Instrumented | Non-instrumented | Instrumented | |||
N = 4377 | N = 320 | p value | N = 320 | N = 320 | p value | |
Age, years | 54.9 | 51.8 | .001 | 52.1 | 51.8 | .90 |
Gender, % | 49.8 | 57.8 | .006 | 62.8 | 57.8 | .20 |
Myocardial infarction, % | 2.6 | 0.9 | .07 | 1.25 | 0.9 | .70 |
Congestive heart failure, % | 0.9 | 0.9 | .96 | 1.6 | 0.9 | .48 |
Peripheral vascular disease, % | 2.0 | 2.2 | .81 | 0.9 | 2.2 | .20 |
Cerebrovascular disease, % | 1.7 | 1.9 | .85 | 1.6 | 1.9 | .76 |
Dementia, % | 0.1 | 0.3 | .43 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
Chronic pulmonary disease, % | 12.3 | 13.1 | .66 | 11.9 | 13.1 | .63 |
Connective tissue disease-rheumatic disease, % | 2.8 | 4.7 | .05 | 2.8 | 4.7 | .21 |
Peptic ulcer disease, % | 1.4 | 2.5 | .13 | 1.6 | 2.5 | .40 |
Mild liver disease, % | 0.6 | 0.0 | .16 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Diabetes without complications | 7.4 | 6.2 | .43 | 4.4 | 6.2 | .29 |
Diabetes with complications, % | 0.6 | 0.6 | .98 | .6 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Paraplegia and hemiplegia, % | 3.2 | 1.6 | .11 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
Renal disease, % | 1.3 | 0.6 | .29 | 0.0 | 0.6 | .16 |
Cancer, % | 4.0 | 3.4 | .63 | 2.2 | 3.4 | .34 |
Moderate or severe liver disease, % | 0.02 | 0.0 | .79 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 |
Metastatic carcinoma, % | 0.4 | 0.6 | .57 | 0.3 | 0.6 | .56 |