Table 2 Univariate analysis of risk factors of survival using Cox regression

Age of surgery

1.008

0.992–1.024

0.333

For every year increase in age

ASA status (2:3)

1.506

1.004–2.257

0.480

ASA 3 against ASA 2

CCI (0:≥1)

1.241

0.822–1.873

0.305

No comorbidities against CCI ≥ 1

Albumin

1.100

1.062–1.139

< 0.001

For every 1 g/L decrease

Haemoglobin (Hb)

1.159

1.028–1.307

0.016

For every 1 g/dL decrease

Site of primary tumour

Lung as reference

Breast

0.394

0.223–0.697

0.001

Prostate

0.426

0.192–0.945

0.036

Renal

0.758

0.356–1.615

0.473

Others

1.128

0.667–1.907

0.653

Presence of visceral metastases (yes:no)

1.675

1.110–2.535

0.014

Visceral metastasis present against absent

Presence of spinal metastases (yes:no)

1.071

0.678–1.689

0.769

Spinal metastasis present against absent

Time from diagnosis of cancer to incidence of pathological fracture

0.995

0.992–0.999

0.016

For every month between diagnosis of cancer to fracture

Pathology (actual fracture:impending fracture)

1.185

0.791–1.774

0.411

Treatment of actual fracture against treatment of impending fracture

Site of fracture/lesion

Shaft/distal femur as reference

Neck of femur

0.722

0.427–1.221

0.224

Intertrochanteric/subtrochanteric

0.833

0.511–1.360

0.465

5 bilateral cases excluded

Type of surgical procedure (bipolar hemiarthroplasty:intramedullary nail)

0.854

0.521–1.401

0.533

Bipolar against nail

15 cases excluded (10 plate and screws and 5 bilateral)