Table 1 Clinical outcomes in the modified group and the conventional group

Number (knees)

50

50

Sex (male/female)

11/39

13/37

0.219

0.640

Side (right/left)

25/25

21/29

0.644

0.422

Age (years)

69.14 ± 9.06(51~85)

67.78 ± 9.12(49~85)

0.748

0.456

BMI (kg/m²)

26.34 ± 3.90(18.3~35.2)

26.58 ± 2.76(20.8~31.1)

− 0.350

0.727

Mean follow-up (months)

39.34 ± 5.83 (30~51 )

40.17 ± 5.74(30~51)

− 0.794

0.429

Operating time (minutes)

54.78 ± 7.95(38~78)

59.14 ± 10.91(40~88)

− 2.284

0.025

Preoperative HSS score

58.60 ± 7.86(39~77)

59.86 ± 8.33(43~77)

− 0.778

0.438

Postoperative HSS score

91.42 ± 5.21(75~98)

92.18 ± 4.76(76~99)

− 0.761

0.448

Preoperative range of motion (degrees)

121.16 ± 9.76(98~132)

124.59 ± 8.07(108~134)

− 1.915

0.058

Postoperative range of motion (degrees)

125.96 ± 8.22(104~139)

124.96 ± 5.70(113~140)

0.703

0.484

Preoperative Hemoglobin (g/L)

134.12 ± 11.25(108~180)

134.00 ± 12.58(108~180)

0.050

0.960

Postoperative Hemoglobin (g/L)

121.78 ± 10.72(100~158)

117.26 ± 9.42(90~142)

2.240

0.027

Hemoglobin drop (g/L)

12.34 ± 4.98(4~25)

16.74 ± 7.54(5~38)

− 3.444

0.001