Table 5 The significance test of different parameters on tophi in gout patients
From: Risk factors for the formation of double-contour sign and tophi in gout
Parameters | Groups | Without double-contour sign | With double-contour sign | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age* | 36.980 ± 10.940 | 42.640 ± 12.112 | 0.011 | |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.043 ± 1.380 | 5.383 ± 1.743 | 0.372 | |
CREA (μmol/L) | 77.488 ± 22.947 | 76.888 ± 14.758 | 0.331 | |
UA (μmol/L)* | 478.167 ± 145.745 | 488.704 ± 117.178 | 0.678 | |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.828 ± 1.400 | 4.789 ± 1.296 | 0.618 | |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.991 ± 1.578 | 2.208 ± 1.515 | 0.125 | |
FBG (mmol/L) | 5.225 ± 0.674 | 5.303 ± 1.002 | 0.751 | |
Sex | Female | 1 | 2 | 1.000 |
Male | 47 | 67 | ||
BMI | Normal | 10 | 8 | 0.233 |
Overweight | 19 | 24 | ||
Obesity | 19 | 37 | ||
Duration | ≤ 1 year | 16 | 11 | 0.059 |
1–5 years | 22 | 34 | ||
≥ 5 years | 10 | 24 | ||
Gout attack in 1 year | 0–2 times | 24 | 18 | 0.019 |
3–6 times | 17 | 30 | ||
7–12 times | 7 | 21 | ||
Peak blood UA | 421–539 | 11 | 13 | 0.591 |
≥ 540 | 37 | 56 | ||
UA level | ≤ 421 | 12 | 4 | 0.007 |
421–539 | 15 | 20 | ||
≥ 540 | 21 | 45 | ||
Frequency of UA or renal function examination | Regularly checked | 14 | 4 | 0.002 |
Occasionally checked | 15 | 29 | ||
Check only when gout attacks | 18 | 35 | ||
Eating habits | Strict diet | 16 | 15 | 0.286 |
Avoid the high purine diet as much as possible, but not strictly controlled | 21 | 31 | ||
No control over diet | 11 | 23 | ||
Medication during the interval | Insist on taking | 14 | 6 | 0.010 |
Without medications | 24 | 46 | ||
Occasional medications | 8 | 17 | ||
Hypertensive | No | 35 | 53 | 0.631 |
Yes | 13 | 16 | ||
CHD | No | 48 | 64 | 0.149 |
Yes | 0 | 5 | ||
Diabetes | No | 47 | 66 | 0.884 |
Yes | 1 | 3 | ||
CKD | No | 45 | 67 | 0.677 |
Yes | 3 | 2 | ||
Other diseases | No | 29 | 43 | 0.835 |
Yes | 19 | 26 | ||
Hyperlipidemia | No | 43 | 66 | 0.364 |
Yes | 5 | 3 | ||
Kidney stones | Yes | 12 | 13 | 0.782 |
No | 30 | 37 | ||
Tophi | Yes | 10 | 16 | 0.140 |
No | 18 | 13 | ||
Ever done a joint US | Done | 11 | 1 | < 0.001 |
Never done | 37 | 66 | ||
Whether there is a long-term treatment plan for gout | Yes | 21 | 15 | 0.011 |
No | 27 | 54 | ||
Understand gout | Understand | 14 | 10 | 0.050 |
A little | 26 | 35 | ||
Not understand | 8 | 23 | ||
Knowledge of high purine food | Fully understand | 17 | 15 | 0.083 |
A little | 25 | 33 | ||
Unknown | 6 | 19 | ||