Fig. 1

TGF-β1 reduces the H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity. a Cell viability of annulus fibrosus cells after treatment with the increasing dosage of the H₂O₂ (50, 100, 200 μmol/L) and incubation time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h). b Cell viability of AF cells after treatment with 100 μmol/L H₂O₂ and then incubation with 20 ng TGF-β1 for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h. TGF-β1 transforming growth factor-β1, H₂O₂ hydrogen peroxide