Table 3 Etiology of hand fractures in individuals aged < 16 during six separate periods from 1950/1955 to 2005–2006 (for the last period also separate in boys and girls). Etiology data was missing in 58% of cases in 1950/1955, 49% in 1960/1965, 41% in 1970/1975, 42% in 1976–1979, 28% in 1993–1994, and 30% in 2005/2006. Data are presented as the proportions (%) of different etiologies among the cases where etiology (fracture related activity) could be determined
From: Hand fracture epidemiology and etiology in children—time trends in Malmö, Sweden, during six decades
Environmental factors | All children | All children | Boys | Girls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950/1955 (%) | 1960/1965 (%) | 1970/1975 (%) | 1976–1979 (%) | 1993–1994 (%) | 2005–2006 (%) | 2005–2006 (%) | 2005–2006 (%) | |
Home accidents | 9.9 | 5.9 | 8.7 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 2.7 |
Day nursery accidents | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 0 |
School accidents | 14.8 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 4.5 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 9.6 |
Work accidents | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Traffic accidents | 21.0 | 16.3 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 18.8 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 12.3 |
Bicycle accidents | 18.5 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 13.9 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.3 |
Pedestrian hit by vehicle | 1.2 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Moped, motorcycle | 0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0 |
Car passenger | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 0 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Playing accidents | 12.3 | 21.6 | 14.0 | 13.6 | 14.7 | 11.1 | 9.3 | 16.4 |
Playground | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 4.1 |
In-lines, skateboard | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 4.1 |
Sledge, other “snow” | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0 |
Other play accidents | 11.1 | 19.6 | 11.6 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 8.2 |
Sport accidents | 27.2 | 34.0 | 40.1 | 46.7 | 39.8 | 42.4 | 39.1 | 52.1 |
Ball-game | 19.8 | 26.8 | 30.2 | 33.6 | 26.3 | 29.9 | 28.4 | 34.2 |
Ice-hockey, skating | 3.7 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
Gymnastics and athletics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Horse accidents | 3.7 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0 | 6.8 |
Wrestling, boxing, etc. | 0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 1.4 |
Skiing | 0 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.7 |
Other | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 5.5 |
Fights | 9.9 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 20.1 | 24.7 | 6.8 |
Other | 1.2 | 0 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0 |