Table 2 Quality assessment by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the included studies
From: Reference markers of bone turnover for prediction of fracture: a meta-analysis
Chapurlat [7] | Garnero [14] | Gerdhem [17] | Meier [19] | Dobnig [20] | Bauer [21] | Shigdel [10] | Dai [6] | Crandall [8] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cohort study | |||||||||
Representativeness of the exposed cohort | + | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |
Selection of the unexposed cohort | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Ascertainment of exposure | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Outcome of interest not present at the start of the study | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Control for important factor or additional factor | |||||||||
Study controls for age/sex | + | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | + |
Study controls for any other confounding factors | − | − | + | − | + | − | + | + | − |
Outcome assessment | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |
Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Total quality scores | 7 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 |