| |
Treatment group
|
p
|
|---|
|
Total population
|
Surgical management
|
Conservative management
|
|---|
|
N
|
77,053
|
11,833
|
65,220
| |
|
Patient demographics
|
|
Male, %
|
19.9
|
17.6
|
20.3
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mean age
|
80.3
|
78.1
|
80.7
|
< 0.001
|
|
Age group, %
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
66–69
|
13.0
|
16.9
|
12.3
| |
|
70–75
|
20.5
|
25.5
|
19.6
| |
|
76–79
|
14.9
|
17.6
|
14.4
| |
|
80–85
|
24.8
|
24.0
|
25.0
| |
|
86+
|
26.7
|
16.0
|
28.6
| |
|
Race, %
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
Asian
|
0.9
|
0.7
|
1.0
| |
|
Black
|
3.1
|
2.0
|
3.3
| |
|
Hispanic
|
1.4
|
1.0
|
1.4
| |
|
Other
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.2
| |
|
White
|
93.4
|
95.1
|
93.1
| |
|
Fully dual eligible1, %
|
13.8
|
9.3
|
14.6
|
< 0.001
|
|
Charlson Comorbidity Index2, %
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
0
|
24.4
|
28.9
|
23.6
| |
|
1
|
20.2
|
21.5
|
20.0
| |
|
2
|
15.5
|
15.0
|
15.6
| |
|
3
|
12.4
|
12.1
|
12.4
| |
|
4+
|
27.5
|
22.5
|
28.4
| |
|
Frailty Risk Index (FRI)
| | | |
< 0.001
|
|
0
|
34.1
|
41.4
|
32.8
| |
|
1
|
25.9
|
26.8
|
25.7
| |
|
2
|
15.9
|
14.7
|
16.1
| |
|
3+
|
24.1
|
17.0
|
25.4
| |
|
Shoulder diagnoses in the year prior to index fracture
|
|
Osteoarthritis
|
25.4
|
23.7
|
25.7
|
< 0.001
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
8.0
|
7.4
|
8.1
|
0.01
|
|
Rotator cuff arthropathy
|
6.6
|
6.3
|
6.6
|
0.15
|
|
Avascular necrosis
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
0.04
|
|
Previous year Medicare spending3
|
$15,623
|
$12,157
|
$16,252
|
< 0.001
|
- Differences across groups assessed by the two sample independent t test for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-square for categorical data
- 1Beneficiary was fully dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid during the month of the index fracture
- 2Charlson Comorbidity Index
- 3Total Part A and B payments made by Medicare for the beneficiary over the period of 365 days prior to their index fracture date
