Table 3 Selection of traumatic small animal models for knee joint contracture
From: A novel rat model of stable posttraumatic joint stiffness of the knee
Year | 2004 | 2009 | 2013 | 2014 |
Author | Hildebrand et al. | Nesterenko et al. | Li et al. | Efird et al. |
Animal model | Rabbit | Rabbit | Rat | Rat |
Bony lesion | Yes | Yes | Yes | – |
Hyperextension | – | Yes | Yes | – |
Other intervention | – | – | Incision of cruciate ligaments | Cartilage was scraped |
Joint immobilization | 8 weeks | 8 weeks | 8 weeks | 2 weeks |
Fixation type | K-wire | K-wire | Suture | Suture |
Remobilization | 8, 16, and 32 weeks | 16 weeks | – | – |
ROM measurement | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Main conclusion | New animal model of posttraumatic joint contracture | Hyperextension resulted in additional joint contracture |