Varus loading | Magnitudes (Nm/mm) | ANOVA (P) | Comparison (P) | ||||
Mean ± SD† | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) | (V) | ||
Two crossed K-wires (I) | 20.4 ± 2.4 | 0.000 | – | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.526 | 0.224 |
Two lateral K-wires (II) | 14.1 ± 2.0 | – | – | 0.194 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Three lateral K-wires (III) | 15.4 ± 2.3 | – | – | – | 0.000 | 0.007 | |
Three crossed K-wires (IV) | 21.2 ± 3.1 | – | – | – | – | 0.104 | |
External fixator (V) | 18.9 ± 2.9 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Valgus loading | Magnitudes (Nm/mm) | ANOVA (P) | Comparison (P) | ||||
Mean ± SD† | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) | (V) | ||
Two crossed K-wires (I) | 16.7 ± 2.1 | 0.000 | – | 0.000 | 0.339 | 0.238 | 0.126 |
Two lateral K-wires (II) | 13.5 ± 1.7 | – | – | 0.012 | 0.000 | 0.033 | |
Three lateral K-wires (III) | 15.8 ± 2.0 | – | – | – | 0.042 | 0.564 | |
Three crossed K-wires (IV) | 17.9 ± 2.3 | – | – | – | – | 0.001 | |
External fixator (V) | 15.3 ± 1.8 | – | – | – | – | – |