Table 3 Univariate and multivariable odds ratio of risk factors for the prediction of re-nonunion

Sex

63

Female vs. male

3.197

0.92, 11.07

0.067

2.801

0.68, 11.49

0.153

Age (years)

63

< 25 vs.25~ 45 vs.> 45

0.816

0.24, 1.41

0.825

0.636

0.30, 2.17

0.589

Smoking

63

Yes vs. no

0.214

0.02, 1.34

0.036*

0.372

0.09, 1.70

0.419

Alcohol abuse

63

Yes vs. no

0.762

0.21, 1.55

0.366

0.791

0.18, 2.02

0.602

BMI (kg/m²)

63

< 30 vs.≥ 30

0.253

0.10, 1.49

0.021*

0.376

0.17, 1.74

0.314

Cause of injury

63

Traffic injury vs. falling vs. crushing

2.031

0.86, 4.37

0.102

2.310

0.86, 5.12

0.099

Fracture type

63

Closed vs. open

1.179

0.54, 2.49

0.692

0.820

0.36, 1.89

0.618

Type of IMN

63

Antegrade vs. retrograde

2.6974

0.96, 9.81

0.148

2.315

0.67, 8.19

0.178

Use of IMN locking screws

63

Dynamic vs. static

0.608

0.26, 1.38

0.237

0.826

0.34, 2.18

0.682

Site of nonunion

63

Isthmal vs. non-isthmal

0.310

0.07, 1.52

0.011*

0.403

0.11, 1.81

0.277

Primary nonunion time (years)

63

< 1.5 vs.≥ 1.5

0.918

0.28, 3.20

0.914

0.719

0.23, 2.71

0.616

Pathological type of nonunion

63

Atrophic vs. hypertrophic

0.517

0.28, 1.19

0.146

1.629

0.28, 3.26

0.701

Bone defect (mm)

63

< 5 vs. ≥ 5

0.472

0.12, 2.58

0.023*

0.528

0.18, 2.62

0.302

Primary revision method

63

ERN vs. ACP

2.125

0.09, 1.16

0.003*

1.027

0.03, 1.54

0.002*

Adjuvant ABG procedure

63

Yes vs. no

1.912

0.06, 1.08

0.027*

1.024

0.01, 1.36

0.003*