Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Table 3 Walking ability in the HAL and control groups

From: Training with Hybrid Assistive Limb for walking function after total knee arthroplasty

Response		HAL group		Control group
Response	Visit	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		P value
SWS (m/s)	Pre	1.08 ± 0.29	(n = 10)	1.04 ± 0.26	(n = 11)	0.794
	Week 2	0.87 ± 0.19	(n = 10)	0.77 ± 0.27	(n = 11)	0.366
	Week 4	1.20 ± 0.09	(n = 10)	0.99 ± 0.26	(n = 11)	0.030	*
	Week 8	1.34 ± 0.11	(n = 6)	1.05 ± 0.23	(n = 6)	0.022	*
MWS (m/s)	Pre	1.41 ± 0.33	(n = 10)	1.35 ± 0.21	(n = 11)	0.588
	Week 2	1.25 ± 0.38	(n = 10)	1.01 ± 0.34	(n = 11)	0.137
	Week 4	1.61 ± 0.32	(n = 10)	1.24 ± 0.23	(n = 11)	0.006	**
	Week 8	1.63 ± 0.09	(n = 6)	1.35 ± 0.24	(n = 6)	0.027	*
SL at SWS (m)	Pre	0.59 ± 0.11	(n = 10)	0.57 ± 0.11	(n = 11)	0.656
	Week 2	0.54 ± 0.05	(n = 10)	0.50 ± 0.09	(n = 11)	0.215
	Week 4	0.63 ± 0.03	(n = 10)	0.53 ± 0.07	(n = 11)	0.002	**
	Week 8	0.67 ± 0.03	(n = 6)	0.56 ± 0.08	(n = 6)	0.011	*
SL at MWS (m)	Pre	0.67 ± 0.10	(n = 10)	0.62 ± 0.09	(n = 11)	0.274
	Week 2	0.62 ± 0.06	(n = 10)	0.52 ± 0.10	(n = 11)	0.016	*
	Week 4	0.70 ± 0.05	(n = 10)	0.58 ± 0.07	(n = 11)	0.001	**
	Week 8	0.73 ± 0.03	(n = 6)	0.61 ± 0.07	(n = 6)	0.003	**
Cadence at SWS (m)	Pre	108.1 ± 13.7	(n = 10)	109.9 ± 11.1	(n = 11)
	Week 2	96.2 ± 13.7	(n = 10)	91.5 ± 22.9	(n = 11)
	Week 4	115.1 ± 6.9	(n = 10)	111.3 ± 20.7	(n = 11)
	Week 8	119.9 ± 5.3	(n = 6)	113.1 ± 13.4	(n = 6)
Cadence at MWS (m)	Pre	125.4 ± 14.9	(n = 10)	130.7 ± 11.2	(n = 11)
	Week 2	120.0 ± 25.3	(n = 10)	114.0 ± 28.4	(n = 11)
	Week 4	137.7 ± 21.2	(n = 10)	127.8 ± 18.1	(n = 11)
	Week 8	133.9 ± 10.0	(n = 6)	133.4 ± 20.6	(n = 6)

Abbreviations: SWS, self-selected walking speed; MWS, maximum walking speed; SL, step length
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01

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