Fig. 1

A representative case of CS patient (case no. 2). A 31-month-old female patient visited our clinic for back imbalance. X-ray radiographs revealed congenital scoliosis combined with kyphosis (a, left panels). Further CT examination revealed two hemivertebrae in thoracolumbar segment (b, c). The patient weighed 11.3 kg. After the first cast, both the degrees of scoliosis and kyphosis were reduced (a, middle panels). After four sessions of casting treatment during 13 months, the progress of scoliosis and kyphosis were both controlled (a, right panels). Patient weight increased to 14.2 kg at the latest follow-up