Table 4 Methodological quality of the included studies based on the modified CASP
Literatures | A focused issue with a question | Method appropriate | Patients recruited appropiately | Define the intervention | Outcomes accurately measured | Confounding factors identified | Confounding factors considered | Follow-up >80% | Results all clearly defined | Results realistic? | Applicable to local population | Results proportional to other evidence | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bentley [1] | 1 | 1 | C.T | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
Cserhati [2] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Ma [3] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Jensen [4] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Buorda [5] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Taha [6] | 1 | 0 | C.T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Raaymakers [7] | 1 | 0 | C.T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Raaymakers [8] | 1 | 0 | C.T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Verheyen [9] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Rogmark [10] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Lapidus [11] | 1 | 0 | C.T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Han [12] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Phillips [13] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Manohara [14] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Kim [15] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Chiu [16] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Chen [17] | 1 | 0 | C.T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Makki [18] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Parker [19] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Stromqvist [20] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Parker [21] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Parker [22] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Lee [23] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Hui [24] | 1 | 0 | C.T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Bjorgul [25] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Watson [26] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Yih [27] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Conn [28] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Sikand [29] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Mean | 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.76 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 7.38 |