Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Study design | No. of patients (I V. P) | Mean age (year) (I V. P) | Female (%) | Fracture types | GAT | Comparisons | Follow-up (month) | ROF (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IM nailing | Plating | |||||||||
Im et al. 2005 [10] | RCT | 64 (34 V. 30) | 42 V. 40 | 28.1 | OTA 43-A1, -A2, -A3, -C1 | Closed, or type 1 | ACE tibial/cannulated nails | Anatomic plates | 24 | 100 |
Guo et al. 2010 [33] | RCT | 85 (44 V. 41) | 44.2 V. 44.4 | 35 | OTA 43-A1, -A2, -A3 | Closed | S2 nailing system | Percutaneous locking compression plates | 12 | 76.6 |
Vallier et al. 2012 [35] | RCT | 104 (56 V. 48) | 38.1 V. 38.5 | 18.3 | OTA 42-A, -B, -C | Closed, type 1, 2, or 3A | Intramedullary nails | Nonlocking plates | 12–71 | 96.2 |
Mauffrey et al. 2012 [2] | RCT | 24 (12 V. 12) | 50 V. 33 | 33.3 | OTA 42-A, -B, -C and OTA43-A | Closed, or type 1 | Intramedullary nails | Percutaneous locking plates | 12 | 100 |
Li 2014 [38] | RCT | 82 (40 V. 42) | 44 V. 43 | 15.3 | OTA 42-A, -B, -C | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Plate | 14.8 | 88.3 |
Yang et al. 2006 [11] | RP | 27 (13 V. 14) | 54.6 V. 48.2 | 44.4 | OTA 43-A | Closed | Shortened intramedullary nails | Nonlocking plates | 33 (16–60) | 100 |
Janssen et al. 2007 [13] | RP | 24 (12 V. 12) | 40.8 V. 43.3 | 50 | OTA 42-A and -B | Closed, or type 1 | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 20–112 | 100 |
Zhang 2007 [16] | RP | 51 (27 V. 24) | 42.7 V. 39.5 | 39.2 | AO A1-3,C1 | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 21.2 (12–27) | 100 |
Vallier et al. 2008 [9] | RP | 113 (76 V. 37) | 38.4 V. 39.8 | 30 | OTA 42-A, -B, and -C | Closed, type 1, 2, 3A, or 3B | Intramedullary nails | Nonlocking plates | 24 (12–84) | 100 |
Chen et al. 2008 [17] | RP | 46 (25 V. 21) | 31 | 17.4 | AO A and B | Closed | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 12–36 | 100 |
Huang 2008 [18] | RP | 57 (30 V. 27) | 42.7 V. 39.5 | 36.8 | AO A and B | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 21.8 (10–28) | 100 |
Ni 2010 [19] | RP | 57 (32 V. 25) | 45.8 V. 48.0 | 33.3 | AO A1, A2, A3 | Closed, type 1, 2, 3A, | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 25 (12–33) | 96.5 |
Feng 2011 [32] | RP | 50 (22 V. 28) | 43 V. 45 | 40 | AO A1, A2, A3, C1 | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Locking compression plate | 22.8 (12–48) | 100 |
Wu 2011 [20] | RP | 43 (25 V. 18) | 46 V. 44 | 41.9 | AO A1, B1, B2, C1 | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Locking compression plate | 16.2 (10–22) | 100 |
Huang 2012 [21] | RP | 52 (26 V. 26) | 41.7 V. 42.0 | 44.2 | AO 42A1-3, 43A1, 43A2 | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Locking plate | 12 | 100 |
Jin 2012 [22] | RP | 170 (72 V. 98) | 47.5 V. 44.5 | 42.9 | AO 41A, 42B, 43A-C | NA | Intramedullary nails | Locking compression plate | 8–14 | 100 |
Li 2012 [14] | RP | 46 (23 V. 23) | 37 V. 39 | 21.7 | AO 43A1-3 | Closed, type 1, 2 | Locked nailing | Locking compression plate | 24.7 V. 25.8 | 100 |
Ren 2012 [23] | RP | 58 (28 V. 30) | 31.9 V. 32.4 | 34.5 | AO A, B, and C | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 6–36 | 100 |
Seyhan et al. 2012 [12] | RP | 61 (25 V. 36) | 40.3 V. 39.7 | 44.4 | OTA 42-A, -B, and -C | Closed, type 1, 2, or 3A | Expert, Synthes, and Trigen (Smith and Nephew) nails | Percutaneous locking plates | 21.24 (12–60) | 100 |
Tan 2012 [24] | RP | 96 (48 V. 48) | 43.7 V. 44.6 | 43.8 | AO A1-3, B1 | Closed and Open | Intramedullary nails | Plate | 12–24 | 100 |
Yang 2012 [25] | RP | 32 (17 V. 15) | 39 | 40.6 | AO 42A B | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Locking plate | 15.1 (14–20) | 100 |
Ke 20113 [26] | RP | 62 (32 V. 30) | 45.8 V.47.3 | 37.1 | AO A1, A2, A3 | Closed, type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | plate | 12 | 100 |
Wang 2013 [27] | RP | 98 (47 V. 51) | 42.7 V. 40.1 | NA | OTA 43A | NA | Intramedullary nails | Plate | 12 | 96.1 |
Yao 2013 [28] | RP | 126 (65 V. 61) | 49.2 V. 48.0 | 38.9 | OTA 42 A-C,43A | Closed, type 1, 2, or 3A | Intramedullary nails | Locking compression plates | 23.7 (12–53) | 100 |
Zhu 2013 [29] | RP | 74 (37 V. 37) | 43.7 V. 44.1 | 45.9 | 43A 1-3 | Closed and Open | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 6 (3–12) | 100 |
Dong 2014 [30] | RP | 46 (22 V. 24) | 35.6 V. 37.3 | 28.3 | AO A, B, and C | Closed | Intramedullary nails | compression plates | 8–36 | 100 |
Guo 2014 [31] | RP | 60 (30 V. 30) | 45.2 V. 44.5 | 41.7 | AO A1-A3 | Closed | Intramedullary nails | Locking compression plates | 12 | 100 |
Yavuz 2014 [15] | RP | 55 (21 V. 34) | 38 V. 44 | 41.8 | OTA 42 A-C | Closed type 1, 2 | Intramedullary nails | Plates | 27.6 (12–82) | 100 |