Fig. 1

The difference in the composition of the GM in fecal samples between SONFH and AONFH patients. (A) Venn diagrams and an upset view illustrating the shared or unique distribution of OTUs in SONFH and AONFH patients. (B) By progressively increasing the sequencing depth of randomly selected samples, sparse curves were obtained for each group. As the sequencing depth of the samples advanced, the curves neared saturation, indicating that the sequencing data were sufficient and stable. (C) The cumulative species curve showed a trend of leveling off at the end, indicating an adequate sample size. (D) Alpha diversity differences between the two groups, as indicated by the Shannon index, revealed meaningful distinctions in alpha diversity between SONFH and AONFH (P < 0.05). (E) PCoA sorting based on Bray-Curtis distances from 16 S rDNA sequencing data showed significant separation between the two groups, suggesting notable variations in beta diversity between the two groups