Table 2 Mean ± SD of outcomes pre- and post-treatment of both groups

Knee pain (cm)

Pre-treatment

6.2 ± 1

5.8 ± 1.1

0.284

0.4 (-0.37, 1.2)

0.04

Post-treatment

3.3 ± 1.2

0.7 ± 0.6

0.001^*

2.6 (1.8, 3.4)

0.64

P-value

0.001^*

0.001^*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

2.9 (2, 3.7)

5.1 (4.3, 5.9)

AKPS

Pre-treatment

81 ± 5.3

79.6 ± 4.9

0.419

1.6 (-2.4, 5.5)

0.03

Post-treatment

92.6 ± 3.7

96.6 ± 3.9

0.010^*

-4 (-7, -1)

0.23

P-value

0.001^*

0.001^*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

-11.6 (-11, 8.7)

-17 (-19.6, -14.3)

Abductor muscles

Pre-treatment

116 ± 25

132 ± 39

0.211

-16 (-41, 9.7)

0.06

Post-treatment

179 ± 21

198 ± 43

0.158

-19 (-45,7.8)

0.08

P-value

0.001^*

0.001^*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

-63 (-83, -43)

-66 (-85, -46)

Quadriceps muscle

Pre-treatment

104.2 ± 22.8

102.2 ± 15.4

0.79

2 (-13, 17)

0

Post-treatment

125.3 ± 19.8

139.4 ± 20

0.072

-14.1 (-29, 1.4)

0.12

P-value

0.035^*

0.001^*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

-21 (-32, -9.7)

-37 (-48, -25)

OASI

Pre-treatment

2 ± 0.4

2.1 ± 0.5

0.881

-1 (-0.4, 0.4)

0

Post-treatment

1.7 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.2

0.093

0.2 (-0.04, 0.4)

0.11

P-value

0.014^*

0.001^*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

0.3 (0.09, 0.67)

0.6 (0.3, 0.9)

APSI

Pre-treatment

1.6 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.3

0.749

0.1 (-0.2, 0.3)

0

Post-treatment

1.4 ± 0.36

1.2 ± 0.2

0.082

0.2 (-0.03, 0.5)

0.11

P-value

0.181

0.015^*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

0.2 (-0.09, 0.48)

0.3 (0.07, 0.65)

MLSI

Pre-treatment

1.4 ± 0.3

1.45 ± 0.3

0.509

-0.05 (-0.3, 0.1)

0.02

Post-treatment

1.2 ± 0.2

1 ± 0.2

0.012*

0.2 (0.05, 0.4)

0.22

P-value

0.001*

0.001*

MD (95% CI), (Baseline – post)

0.2 (0.01, 0.34)

0.45 (0.3, 0.63)