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Table 3 Measurements of anxiety, depression, sleep, mental and physical component for patients

From: Is fracture management merely a physical process? Exploring the psychological effects of internal and external fixation

 

IFG (n = 57)

EFG (n = 39)

t

P

HADS-A

    

 Preoperative

5.25 ± 1.27

5.18 ± 1.17

0.26

0.796

 7th day postoperative

3.51 ± 0.60

7.31 ± 1.47

-15.27

< 0.001

 1st month postoperative

2.51 ± 0.66

9.49 ± 2.29

-18.49

< 0.001

 3rd months postoperative

2.53 ± 0.93

9.26 ± 2.84

-14.31

< 0.001

HADS-D

    

 Preoperative

4.33 ± 1.38

4.28 ± 1.30

0.18

0.855

 7th day postoperative

3.19 ± 0.74

6.69 ± 2.42

-8.76

< 0.001

 1st month postoperative

2.39 ± 0.59

8.87 ± 1.64

-23.66

< 0.001

 3rd months postoperative

2.25 ± 0.74

8.82 ± 2.39

-16.62

< 0.001

AIS

    

 Preoperative

3.02 ± 0.72

3.03 ± 0.67

-0.06

0.956

 7th day postoperative

2.82 ± 0.66

11.33 ± 3.14

-16.67

< 0.001

 1st month postoperative

2.74 ± 0.64

14.23 ± 2.31

-30.27

< 0.001

 3rd months postoperative

2.75 ± 0.74

13.95 ± 1.99

-33.64

< 0.001

PCS

    

 Preoperative

80.11 ± 8.34

79.17 ± 10.92

0.48

0.633

 7th day postoperative

68.73 ± 17.00

58.11 ± 20.05

2.79

0.006

 1st month postoperative

76.29 ± 10.18

60.83 ± 14.16

5.86

< 0.001

 3rd months postoperative

79.12 ± 7.77

67.15 ± 12.50

5.32

< 0.001

MCS

    

 Preoperative

71.33 ± 11.85

72.79 ± 11.13

-0.60

0.547

 7th day postoperative

66.85 ± 11.76

55.23 ± 25.58

2.65

0.011

 1st month postoperative

67.82 ± 7.88

54.35 ± 16.92

4.64

< 0.001

 3rd months postoperative

71.84 ± 8.32

61.93 ± 15.64

3.62

0.001

  1. Notes IFG: Internal Fixation Group; EFG: External Fixation Group; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; AIS: Athens Insomnia Scale; PCS: Physical Component Summary; MCS: Mental Component Summary