Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal associations between cardiovascular diseases and frozen shoulder

Table 2 Heterogeneity and pleiotropy analysis in forward MR analysis

Exposure	MR method	Cochran Q statistic	Egger intercept	Heterogeneity P_value	Pleiotropy P_value
AF	MR Egger	85.25	− 0.007	0.776	0.290
	IVW	86.38		0.771
CAD	MR Egger	70.02	− 0.007	0.154	0.500
	IVW	70.57		0.165
HF	MR Egger	16.17	− 0.020	0.024	0.713
	IVW	16.51		0.036
MI	MR Egger	79.27	− 0.005	0.110	0.579
	IVW	79.65		0.121
Stroke	MR Egger	13.53	− 0.028	0.486	0.591
	IVW	13.83		0.539
IS	MR Egger	12.87	− 0.035	0.613	0.394
	IVW	13.64		0.626

MR Mendelian randomization; IVW inverse variance weighted, AF atrial fibrillation; CAD coronary artery disease; HF heart failure; MI myocardial infarction; IS ischemic stroke

ISSN: 1749-799X