Table 2 Validation of FEM
Motion | Panjabi et al.[37] | Zheng et al.[40] | Zhang et al.[32] | Intact Model | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C0–C1 | C1–C2 | C0–C1 | C1–C2 | C0–C1 | C1–C2 | C0–C1 | C1–C2 | C0–C1 | C1–C2 | |
Flexion | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 11.5 ± 2.0 | 10.8–17.2 | 9.8–16.2 | 4.6 | 11.7 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 9.8 |
Extension | 21.9 ± 1.9 | 10.9 ± 1.1 | 10.8–17.2 | 6.0–16.0 | 20.7 | 9.5 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 22.6 | 10.5 |
Lateral bending | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 2.6–8.6 | 3.8–19.6 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 3.9 |
Axial rotation | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 38.3 ± 1.7 | 1.0–10.5 | 24.2–46.4 | 7.1 | 39.1 | 8.5 | 30.6 | 7.5 | 37.3 |