Table 1 Material properties of upper cervical C0–C2 FEM
Components | Youngs modulus(MPa) | Poisson ratio | Element type |
|---|---|---|---|
Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.29 | C3D4 |
Cancellous bone | 500 | 0.29 | C3D4 |
articular cartilage | 10 | 0.30 | C3D4 |
LMSP and PSR | 110,000 | 0.30 | C3D4 |
Transverse ligament | 20 | 0.30 | 4-node membrane elements |
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
Tectorial membrane | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
cruciate ligament-vertical portion | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
joint capsule | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
alar ligament | 5 | 0.30 | Spring element |
apical ligament | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
anterior longitudinal ligament | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |
posterior longitudinal ligament | 10 | 0.30 | Spring element |