Fig. 8
From: Inhibition of HOXD11 promotes cartilage degradation and induces osteoarthritis development
Model for inhibition of HOXD11 promotes cartilage degradation and induces osteoarthritis development (red arrow). In OA chondrocytes, the decreased expression of HOXD11 inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis. HOXD11 downregulates SOX9 via inducing catabolism and restraining anabolism, leading to the upregulation of MMP13 and ADAMTS5, which downregulates COL2A1, ultimately promoting cartilage degradation and inducing osteoarthritis development. Lentivirus-mediated HOXD11 overexpression reverses these effects (green arrow)