Table 2 Report of anterior transoral approach osteosynthesis for atlas fracture
From: Direct osteosynthesis in the treatment of atlas burst fractures: a systematic review
Study/publication year | Study design | Level of evidence | Country | Age (years) | Number of Patients | Gender (M/F) | Surgical time (min)/Follow-up (mo) | Blood Loss (mL) | Implant | Fracture Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ruf et al.[24] | Retro study | II | Germany | 28(17–37) | 6 | NA | 160(80–245)/77(21–165) | 425(50–700) | Polyaxial screws + rod | NA |
Hu et al.[27] | Case report | IV | China | 20 | 1 | 1/0 | NA/14 | NA | Screws + plate | NA |
Yin et al.[39] | Retro study | II | China | 48(26–67) | 15 | 10/5 | NA/18(8–77) | NA | Screws + plate | NA |
Ma et al.[16] | Retro study | IV | China | 47.7 ± 13.9 | 20 | 12/8 | 101.4 ± 12.9(76–124)/48.5 ± 20(12–81) | NA | Screws + plate | NA |
Hu et al.[15] | Retro study | II | China, USA | 33(23–62) | 12 | 8/4 | 100(80–120)/16(12–28) | 300(100–500) | Screws + plate | Landells: type I(3);type II(5); type III (2) |
Keskil et al.[40] | Case report | IV | Turkey | 51 | 1 | 1/0 | 125/NA | NA | Screws + wire | NA |
Li et al.[4] | Retro study | II | China | 45.8(20–74) | 38 | 27/11 | 65(58–90)/38(6–70) | 86(40–150) | Screws + plate | NA |
Zou et al.[25] | Retro study | II | China | 47.8(32–66) | 13 | 6/7 | 86.9 ± 16.7(60–120)/17.4 ± 4.4(12–24) | 52.3 ± 16.9(30–80) | Screws + plate | Landells: type II |
Tu et al.[26] | Retro study | II | China | 32–67 | 22 | 12/10 | 181.3 ± 185.00/26.84 ± 10.23 | 144.21 ± 155.67 | Screws + plate | Gehweiler: type I(7); type III (15) |
Study | VAS(preoperative-last follow-up ) | ROM(°) | ADI(mm) | LMD(preoperative-postoperative)(mm) | TAL injury | Infection rate, n (%) | Complications | Fusion (bone consolidation/ healing)/clinical improvement, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ruf et al.[24] | NA | 38(30–40)flexion;45(30–50)extension;35(15–45)left bending;37(25–45)right bending;60(30–80)left rotation;66(40–80)right rotation;39.2(10–61)rotation(MRI) | 3.6(3–5); 1.6(1–2)extension; | Preoperative: 13.5(8–19) Postoperative: 4.3(1–8) Follow-up: 5.2(0–12) | NA | NA | NO | 6(100)/NA |
Hu et al.[27] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1(100)/NA |
Yin et al.[39] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NO | 15(100)/NA |
Ma et al.[16] | Preoperative: 6.0 ± 1.3(4–8) Postoperative: 1.3 ± 1.0 | 39.0 ± 12.0:axial | NA | NA | NA | NO | NO | 20(100)/NA |
Hu et al.[15] | NA | 35(28–40) flexion; 42(30–48)extension; 30 left bending; 28 right bending; 50(35–72) rotation | 2.5(2.0–3.0)flexion; 1.5(1.0–2.0)extension | 7.0 (5–12) to 3.5 (1–6.5) | NA | NA | NA | 12(100)/12(100) |
Keskil et al.[40] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1(100)/NA |
Li et al.[4] | 6.8 ± 1.3 to 1.2 ± 0.2 | NA | Preoperative:2.82 ± 0.78 last follow-up:2.38 ± 0.41 | Preoperative:5.12 ± 2.83 last follow-up:1.34 ± 1.13 | NA | NO | NO | 38(100)/NA |
Zou et al.[25] | Preoperative: 6.9 ± 0.9 Postoperative: 0.4 ± 0.7 | 49.3 ± 10.8:axial ROM at last follow-up | NA | 6.1 ± 1.5 to 1.0 ± 0.6 | NA | NO | NO | 13(100)/13(100) |
Tu et al.[26] | Preoperative: 7.42 ± 3.92 Postoperative: 2.17 ± 1.33 Follow-up: 0.28 ± 0.13 | NA | ADI > 4 at last follow-up:3(14) | Preoperative: 7.13 ± 1.46 Postoperative: 1.02 ± 0.65 Follow-up: 0.53 ± 0.21 | 9(41) | NO | atlantoaxial dislocation:3(14) | 22(100)/NA |