Table 4 Studies comparing total ankle arthroplasty to ankle arthrodesis
From: Total ankle arthroplasty versus ankle arthrodesis—a comparison of outcomes over the last decade
Author | Year | Study design | Number of ankles | Prosthesis (TAA) or operative technique (AA) | Mean/minimum follow-up (years) | Outcomes | Study conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Braito et al. [20] | 2014 | Retrospective | 141 | TAA: HINTEGRA (101) AA: open (40) | TAA 4.2 (SD 2.03) AA 3.4 (SD 3.67) Minimum 6 months | Gait analysis AOFAS FAOS VAS Radiographic | No difference in cadence, stride length, or walking velocity No difference in mean global AOFAS No difference in adjacent joint arthritis |
Chopra et al. [21] | 2014 | Retrospective | 36 | TAA: Salto (12) AA: NR (12) Control: (12) | Minimum 2 years | Gait analysis | Altered bilateral gait mechanics in AA patients Relatively fully recovered bilateral gait mechanics in TAA patients |
Flavin et al. [22] | 2013 | Prospective | 42 | TAA: STAR (14) AA: NR (14) Control: (14) | Minimum 1 year | Gait analysis | No evidence of consistently superior gait function in TAA compared to AA |
Jastifer et al. [23] | 2014 | Prospective | 77 | TAA: STAR (61) AA: open (16) | Minimum 1 year | VAS Buechel-Pappas score AOFAS Patient satisfaction Functional outcomes | TAA with improved Buechel-Pappas scale (P = 0.036) and AOFAS (P = 0.03) over AA TAA with improved walking upstairs (P = 0.013), downstairs (P = 0.012), and uphill (P = 0.016) over AA |
Piriou et al. [24] | 2008 | Retrospective | 36 | TAA: Salto (12) AA: open (12) Control: (12) | Minimum 1 year | Gait analysis | AA with faster gait (P = 0.03), longer step length (P = 0.015) compared to replacement TAA with more symmetrical timing of gait (P = 0.015) and restored ground reaction force pattern over AA |
Rouhani et al. [25] | 2012 | Retrospective | 45 | TAA: Salto (11) AA: open (9) Ankle osteoarthritis (15) Control: (10) | TAA 22 months (13–47 months) AA 33 months (6–58 months) | Gait analysis AOFAS FFI | Significant improvements in foot mobility after TAR during 50 months gait Significant impairments remained in patients with AA during 50 months gait |
Saltzman et al. [26] | 2009 | Prospective | 672 | First phase TAA: STAR (158) AA: NR (66) Second phase TAA: STAR (448) | Up to 24 months | Complications Buechel-Pappas score | Significantly more wound complications (P = 0.011) and major complications (P = 0.045) and secondary surgical intervention in pivotal study TAA group over pivotal study AA group Significantly greater efficacy (P < 0.001) and overall success (P < 0.001) in pivotal STAR over AA The hypothesis of non-inferiority of ankle replacement was met for overall patient success |
Saltzman et al. [27] | 2010 | Retrospective | 71 | TAA: STAR (42) AA: (29) | TAA 3.8 (2.2–4.3) AA 4.8 (2.2–5.9) | Complications SF-36 AOS Radiographic | Improved outcome in TAA over AA for SF-36 MCS (P = 0.011) and AOS pain scale (P = 0.001) |
Schuh et al. [28] | 2012 | Retrospective | 41 | TAA: HINTEGRA (20) AA: open (21) | TAA 39.0 months (SD 17.0 months) AA 30.0 months (SD 22.0 months) | AOFAS UCLA score Satisfaction Functional outcomes | No significant differences between the groups concerning activity levels, participation in sports activities, UCLA, and AOFAS score |
Singer et al. [29] | 2013 | Retrospective | 44 | TAA: (17) AA: (17) Control: (10) | TAA 1.27 (SD 0.62) AA 1.60 (SD 0.65) | Gait analysis | Gait patterns more closely resemble normal gait for TAA cohort over AA cohort |