From: The use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair and regeneration: a systematic review
Category | No. of studies | References |
---|---|---|
Cell source | ||
 Bone marrow | 22 (71%) | [103–105, 109, 111–113, 115–118, 120, 122–128, 130–132] |
 Adipose | 5 (16%) | |
 Peripheral blood | 2 (6%) | |
 Synovium | 2 (6%) | |
Cell delivery | ||
 Arthroscopic implantation | ||
  Hyaluronic acid membrane | 2 (6%) | |
  Hyaluronic acid with fibrin glue or platelet gel | 2 (6%) | |
  Polyglycolic acid/hyaluronan | 2 (6%) | |
  Collagen with platelet gel | 1 (3%) | [116] |
  Fibrin glue | 1 (3%) | [108] |
  HYAFF 11 scaffold | 1 (3%) | [132] |
  Acetate Ringer solution | 1 (3%) | [133] |
  Unspecified | 1 (3%) | [107] |
Intra-articular injection | ||
  PBS only | 2 (6%) | |
  PBS with HA | 2 (6%) | |
  Autologous serum | 2 (6%) | |
  Ringer lactate solution | 3 (10%) | |
  PBS with serum albumin | 1 (3%) | [105] |
  HA and PRP | 1 (3%) | [106] |
  PRP | 1 (3%) | [114] |
  Commercial serum | 1 (3%) | [109] |
Transplantation by open surgery | ||
  Collagen | 6 (21%) | |
  Ascorbic acid-mediated sheet | 2 (7%) | |
  Fibrin glue | 1 (4%) | [125] |
Cell dose | ||
 Less than 10 million | 8 (26%) | |
 10–20 million | 5 (16%) | |
 Over 20 million | 7 (23%) | |
 Unspecified | 11 (35%) | |
Follow-up | ||
 Up to 6 months | 4 (13%) | |
 Up to 12 months | 6 (19%) | |
 Up to 2 years | 11 (35%) | |
 Up to 3 years | 7 (23%) | |
 Over 3 years | 2 (6%) | |
Assessments | ||
 Radiology (MRI, X-ray) | 24 (77%) | [103–106, 109–112, 115–117, 119, 121–125, 127–133] |
 Arthroscopic assessment incl. histology | 17 (54%) | |
 IKDC | 10 (32%) | |
 VAS pain | 12 (39%) | |
 Tegner activity scale | 8 (26%) | |
 Lysholm | 6 (19%) | |
 KOOS | 5 (16%) | |
 Function (no scoring systems or unspecified) | 4 (13%) | |
 ICRS cartilage injury evaluation package | 3 (10%) | |
 Clinical symptoms/outcomes (no scoring system or unspecified) | 3 (10%) | |
 (Revised) Hospital for special surgery knee-rating scale | 2 (6%) | |
 Functional Rating Index | 2 (6%) | |
 WOMAC | 5 (16%) | |
 AOFAS score | 2 (6%) | |
 Knee Society Score | 1 (3%) | [110] |
 Harris Hip Score | 1 (3%) | [112] |
Concomitant procedures | ||
 Subchondral bone marrow stimulation (multiple perforation, drilling, abrasion chondroplasty) | 11 (35%) | |
 Debridement, synovectomy, excision of degenerative tears (no subchondral bone marrow stimulation) | 8 (26%) | |
 ACL reconstruction, meniscus repair, osteotomy, or patella alignment, ACL calcification removal, trochlear resurfacing, osteochondral fragment fixation | 8 (26%) | |
 None | 6 (19%) | |
 Not specified | 3 (10%) | |
Previous procedures | ||
 Microfractures/multiple perforation/multiple drilling | 6 (19%) | |
 Menisectomy | 6 (19%) | |
 ACL reconstruction | 4 (13%) | |
 Multiple (microfracture, debridement) | 1 (3%) | [119] |
 ACI | 2 (6%) | |
 None | 6 (19%) | |
 Not specified | 9 (29%) |