Table 2 Details of outcome measurements of the trials
Study | Treatment | Union | Secondary displacement | Non-union | Fixation failure | Avascular necrosis | Bed rest-related complications | 1 year mortality | Re-operation | Reduction in mobility status | Local pain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comparison studies | |||||||||||
Bentley [1] | Conservation | 83.7%(36/43) | 16.3%(7/43) | 2.3%(1/43) | NR | 14.0%(6/43) | NR | NR | 14%(5/43) | NR | NR |
Petersen nailing, Moore pins | 95.7%(22/23) | 0(0/23) | 4.3%(1/23) | 4.3%(1/23) | 17.4%(4/23) | NR | NR | 0(0/23) | NR | NR | |
Cserhati [2] | Conservation | NR | 19.7%(24/122) | 0.8%(1/122) | NR | 12.8%(5/39) | 18.9%(23/122) | 13.9%(17/122) | 18%(22/122) | 25.6%(10/39) | 51.3%(20/39) |
Petersen nail, three screws + key-hole plage | NR | 0.8%(1/125) | 0(0/125) | 0.8%(1/125) | 16.1%(10/62) | 3.2%(4/125) | 10.4%(13/125) | NR | 45.2(28/62) | 61.3%(38/62) | |
Conservative treatment studies | |||||||||||
Jensen [3] | Conservation | 72.7%(93/128) | 27.3%(35/128) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Ma [4] | Conservation | 58.3%(67/115) | 41.7%(48/115) | NR | NR | NR | 3.5%(4/115) | 3.5%(4/115) | 41.7%(48/115) | NR | NR |
Raaymakers [5] | Conservation | 69%(216/311) | 31%(95/311) | NR | NR | 11.3%(18/160) | NR | 19.1%(61/319) | 10.6%(33/311) | NR | NR |
Raaymakers [6] | Conservation | 85.9%(146/170) | 14.1%(24/170) | NR | NR | 11.1%(9/81) | NR | 16.5%(28/170) | NR | NR | NR |
Verheyen [7] | Conservation | 54.3%(57/105) | 45.7%(48/105) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 45.7%(48/105) | NR | NR |
Buorda [8] | Conservation | NR | 33.3%(19/57) | NR | NR | 1.8%(1/57) | NR | 29.8%(17/57) | NR | NR | NR |
Taha [9] | Conservation | 44.3%(27/61) | 55.7%(34/61) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.9%(3/61) | NR | NR | NR |
Operative treatment studies | |||||||||||
Kim [10] | Three cannulated screws | NR | 0(0/58) | 0(0/58) | 1.9%(1/54) | 7.4%(4/54) | NR | 6.9%(4/58) | 7.4%(4/54) | 35.2%(19/54) | NR |
Manohara [11] | Cancellous screws | NR | 0(0/100) | 0(0/100) | 3%(3/100) | 5%(5/100) | 7%(7/100) | 18%(18/100) | 8%(8/100) | 44.1%(30/68) | 22.1%(15/68) |
Han [12] | Multiple screws, pins, or dynamic hip screw | NR | 0(0/52) | 15.4%(8/52) | NR | 11.5%(6/52) | 1.9%(1/52) | 3.8%(2/52) | 30.8%(16/52) | NR | NR |
Phillips [13] | Watson-Jones nail | 94.4%(68/72) | 0(0/72) | 5.6%(4/72) | 5.6%(4/72) | 22.5%(9/40) | NR | 29.2%(21/72) | 9.7%(7/72) | NR | NR |
Lapidus [14] | Olmed screws | NR | 0(0/382) | 6.5%(25/382) | NR | 5.2%(20/382) | 4.5%(17/382) | 21.5%(82/382) | 11.8%(45/382) | NR | 5%(19/382) |
Rogmark [15] | Hansson hook pins | NR | 0(0/224) | 4.5%(10/224) | 7.1%(16/224) | 5.4%(12/224) | 11.2%(25/224) | 11.2%(25/224) | 15.2%(34/224) | 70.6%(72/102) | 36.4%(36/99) |
Chen [16] | Cancellous screws | 94.6% (35/37) | 5.4% (2/37) | 0(0/37) | NR | 10.8% (4/37) | NR | NR | 16.2%(6/37) | NR | 51.4(19/37) |
Chiu [17] | Knowles pins | 93.4%(285/305) | 0(0/305) | 5.6%(17/305) | 3.0%(9/305) | 7.2%(22/305) | NR | 13.7%(50/366) | 12.8%(39/305) | NR | 7.2%(22/305) |
Makki [18] | Dynamic hip screw | 96.8%(30/31) | NR | 3.2%(1/31) | NR | 3.2%(1/31) | NR | 9.7%(3/31) | 0(0/31) | NR | NR |
Dynamic hip screw with anti-rotation screw | 88.2%(30/34) | NR | 11.8%(4/34) | NR | 8.8%(3/34) | NR | 2.9%(1/34) | 2.9%(1/34) | NR | NR | |
Parker [19] | Screw fixation | NR | 0(0/346) | 11%(38/346) | NR | NR | 1.7%(6/346) | 18.8%(65/346) | 14.5%(50/346) | 33.2%(115/346) | NR |
Hemiarthroplasty | NR | 0.58%(2/346) | 3.8%(13/346) | NR | NR | 6.9%(24/346) | 25.7%(89/346) | 5.5%(19/346) | 19.1%(66/346) | NR | |
Stromqvist [20] | Hook pin fixation | NR | NR | 1.6%(1/64) | NR | 3.1%(2/64) | NR | 24.7%(21/85) | NR | NR | NR |
Parker [21] | Three cannulated screws | NR | NR | 8.5%(48/565) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Parker [22] | Internal fixation | NR | NR | 2.7%(3/112) | NR | 4.5%(5/112) | NR | NR | 4.5%(5/112) | NR | NR |
Yih [23] | Minimally invasive dynamic hip screw | 100%(33/33) | NR | 0(0/33) | 0(0/33) | 12.1%(4/33) | NR | 9.1%(3/33) | 3%(1/33) | NR | NR |
Dynamic hip screw | 100%(25/25) | NR | 0(0/25) | 0(0/25) | 12%(3/25) | NR | 8%(2/25) | 4%(1/25) | NR | NR | |
Multiple cannulated screws | 96.9%(31/32) | NR | 3.1%(1/32) | 9.4%(3/32) | 21.9%(7/32) | NR | 9.4%(3/32) | 15.6%(5/32) | NR | NR | |
Hui [24] | Over 80 years internal fixation | NR | 26.7%(4/15) | NR | 6.7%(1/15) | 26.7%(4/15) | NR | 17.2%(5/29) | 53.3%(8/15) | NR | 6.7%(1/15) |
65 to 79 years internal fixation | NR | 6.3%(1/16) | NR | 0(0/16) | 0(0/16) | NR | 25%(7/28) | 12.5%(2/16) | NR | 12.5%(2/16) | |
Over 80 years hemiarthroplasty | NR | 8.7%(2/23) | NR | 0(0/23) | 0(0/23) | NR | 33.3%(19/57) | 13%(3/23) | 4.3%(1/23) | 4.3%(1/23) | |
Bjorgul [25] | Cannulated screws | NR | 1.8%(4/225) | 7.1%(16/225) | 1.3%(3/225) | 4.4%(10/225) | NR | 14.7%(33/225) | 18.7%(42/225) | 36.9%(83/225) | 2.7%(6/225) |
Watson [26] | Dynamic hip screw | NR | NR | NR | NR | 3.2%(1/31) | 9.7%(3/31) | 19.4%(6/31) | 3.2%(1/31) | 32.3%(10/31) | 32.3%(10/31) |
Cancellous screws. | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0(0/29) | 6.9%(2/29) | 20.7%(6/29) | 10.3%(3/29) | 31%(9/29) | 20.7%(6/29) | |
Lee [27] | Dynamic hip screws | 84.8%(39/46) | NR | 0(0/46) | 0(0/46) | 8.7%(4/46) | NR | 6.5%(3/46) | 2.2%(1/46) | NR | NR |
Multiple cannulated screws | 77%(37/48) | NR | 4.2%(2/48) | 6.3%(3/48) | 8.3%(4/48) | NR | 4.2%(2/48) | 14.6%(7/48) | NR | NR | |
Conn [28] | Three parallel 6.5-mm AO | NR | NR | 6.4%(24/375) | NR | 4%(15/375) | 3.7%(14/375) | 20.5%(77/375) | 5.1%(19/375) | NR | NR |
Sikand [29] | Conservation | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 50%(4/8) | NR | NR | NR |
Hemiarthroplasty | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6.9%(2/29) | 37.9%(11/29) | 3.4%(1/29) | 37.9%(11/29) | NR | |
Internal fixation | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.9%(1/110) | 15.5%(17/110) | 7.3%(8/110) | 39.1%(43/110) | NR | |