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Fig. 3 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 3

From: l-carnitine alleviates synovitis in knee osteoarthritis by regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function through the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway

Fig. 3

l-carnitine regulates lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function and inhibits TRPA1-mediated inflammatory amplification through the CPT1 signaling pathway in vitro. a, b l-carnitine administration significantly reduced the production of ROS (× 100 magnification) and preserved ΔΨm (× 20 magnification). c The protein levels of cyc were determined. d, e l-carnitine administration significantly reduced the content of MDA and increased the antioxidant enzymes (SOD activity). f Immunoblot analysis of TRPA1, IL-1β and TNF-α. Representative blots were from three independent experiments. g Representative photographs of Ca.2+ fluorescence intensity in different FLS treatment groups at 0, 30, 60, and 90 s (× 630 magnification). Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ns, not significant. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001

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