Table 2 Risk of bias analysis
Study | Randomization process | Deviation from intended intervention | Missing outcome data | Measurement of outcomes | Selection of reported result | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahiskalioglu [17] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Ammar [18] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Guo [19] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Chen [20] | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Cheng [21] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Ince [22] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Li [23] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Ozmen [24] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Shi [25] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Yu [26] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Ekinci [27] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Cifti [28] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Ni [29] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Bicak [12] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | High risk |
Eltaher [13] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Wang [30] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Pavithran [11] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |