Fig. 5

Relationship between stress and displacement of collagen by elastin content. a Changes in stress (left), displacement (middle), and stress–strain relationship (right) of collagen fibres under tensile stress when elastin content was varied from 0 to 33.5%. b Changes in stress (left), displacement (middle), and stress–strain relationship (right) of collagen fibres under shear stress when elastin content was varied from 0 to 33.5%. The open circles show the stress and displacement when the model was constructed with an elastin content of 18.3%, which was closest to the elastin content of 16.4% calculated from multiphoton microscopy images of the actual porcine knee collateral ligaments