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Fig. 3 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 3

From: Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study

Fig. 3

Differences in stress distribution between sheet and fibre models with 14.4% elastin. a Stress distribution in the sheet model (left) and the fibre model (right) under tensile stress. The XZ-plane (top), XY-plane (medium), and cross section in the YZ-plane at the dotted line in the centre of the model (bottom) are shown, respectively. The black arrow indicates the direction in which tensile stress was applied. b Summarised data of average and maximum stress in the sheet model (white boxes) and the fibre model (black boxes) under tensile stress. c Stress distribution in the sheet model (left) and the fibre model (right) under shear stress. The XZ-plane (top), XY-plane (medium), and cross section in the YZ-plane at the dotted line in the centre of the model (bottom) are shown, respectively. The black arrow indicates the direction in which shear stress was applied. d Summarised data of average and maximum stress in the sheet model (white boxes) and the fibre model (black boxes) under shear stress. e Stress distribution in the sheet model (left) and the fibre model (right) when the bone was rotated by 30°. The XZ-plane (top), XY-plane (medium), and cross section in the YZ-plane at the dotted line in the centre of the model (bottom) are shown, respectively. f Summarised data of average and maximum stress in the sheet model (white boxes) and the fibre model (black boxes) when the bone was rotated by 30°. g Stress in Y and Z directions required to rotate the bone by 30° in the sheet model (white boxes) and the fibre models (black boxes)

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