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Table 1 Basic characteristics of participants by weight-adjusted-waist index quartile

From: Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and fractures: a population-based study

Characteristics

Weight-adjusted-waist index

P-value

Q1 (< 10.42) N = 7170

Q2 (10.42–11.01) N = 7169

Q3 (11.02–11.60) N = 7170

Q4 (> 11.60) N = 7170

Age (years)

39.00 ± 14.61

47.31 ± 16.02

53.73 ± 16.82

59.94 ± 17.45

< 0.001

Sex, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Male

52.84

52.01

45.61

36.15

 

 Female

47.16

47.99

54.39

63.85

 

Race/ethnicity, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Non-Hispanic White

52.86

45.25

48.55

47.60

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

26.51

17.05

15.92

12.28

 

 Mexican American

10.60

19.05

22.89

24.77

 

 Other race/multiracial

10.03

14.65

12.64

12.95

 

Education level, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Less than high school

12.04

15.39

20.37

25.83

 

 High school

20.21

23.48

24.90

26.10

 

 More than high school

67.75

61.13

54.73

48.07

 

Use of hormone therapy, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.56

2.72

2.83

4.06

 

 No

98.44

97.28

97.17

95.94

 

Smoking, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Current

25.80

31.30

32.01

28.05

 

 Ever

41.99

46.44

48.90

50.10

 

 Never

58.01

53.56

51.10

49.90

 

Diabetes, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.83

4.64

9.29

20.05

 

 No

98.17

95.36

90.71

79.95

 

 BMI (kg/m2)

24.56 ± 4.35

27.66 ± 5.01

29.79 ± 5.66

32.85 ± 7.18

< 0.001

 Waist circumference (cm)

84.65 ± 10.07

95.45 ± 11.00

102.72 ± 12.00

112.42 ± 15.07

< 0.001

 Total 25 (OH) D (nmol/l)

76.15 ± 1.37

75.16 ± 1.13

70.65 ± 1.18

64.65 ± 1.07

< 0.001

 Total calcium (mmol/L)

2.45 ± 0.12

2.41 ± 0.09

2.37 ± 0.08

2.28 ± 0.09

< 0.001

 PIR

3.18 ± 1.65

3.15 ± 1.63

2.98 ± 1.64

2.57 ± 1.58

< 0.001

 DII

1.01 ± 1.86

1.27 ± 1.81

1.47 ± 1.78

1.74 ± 1.75

< 0.001

 Triglycerides (mg./dL)

106.40 ± 92.04

131.69 ± 101.96

147.06 ± 138.60

157.97 ± 140.90

< 0.001

 LDL-C (mg/dL)

110.34 ± 33.20

119.28 ± 34.51

120.29 ± 37.35

117.02 ± 36.57

< 0.001

 Lumbar BMD (g/cm2)

1.07 ± 0.15

1.03 ± 0.14

1.01 ± 0.15

1.00 ± 0.16

< 0.001

 Pelvis BMD (g/cm2)

1.28 ± 0.18

1.29 ± 0.17

1.27 ± 0.17

1.21 ± 0.17

< 0.001

 Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)

0.86 ± 0.15

0.83 ± 0.15

0.81 ± 0.14

0.78 ± 0.15

 

 Total BMD (g/cm2)

1.16 ± 0.11

1.14 ± 0.11

1.11 ± 0.11

1.08 ± 0.12

 

Hip fractures

    

< 0.001

 Yes

0.70

1.02

1.24

1.42

 

 No

99.30

98.98

98.76

98.58

 

Wrist fractures

    

< 0.001

 Yes

9.90

7.98

8.88

8.72

 

 No

90.10

92.02

91.12

91.28

 

Spine fractures

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.62

1.70

2.11

2.44

 

 No

98.38

98.30

97.89

97.56

 
  1. Mean ± SD for continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model
  2. (%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test
  3. Q quartile, PIR Ratio of family income to poverty, BMI body mass index, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, DII dietary inflammatory index, BMD bone mineral density, 25 (OH) D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X