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Table 4 Risk of bias assessment of the cohort studies

From: Comparison of short-term clinical outcomes between robot-assisted and freehand pedicle screw placement in spine surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review

RCS

Selection

Comparability

Outcome

Total

Cui et al

⭐⭐⭐

⭐

⭐⭐⭐

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Lin et al

⭐⭐⭐⭐

⭐

⭐⭐⭐

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Tian et al

⭐⭐⭐⭐

⭐

⭐⭐⭐

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Zhang et al

⭐⭐⭐

⭐

⭐⭐⭐

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X