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Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression models of factors associated with consistently high postoperative pain class membership§ by cause of injury

From: Modifiable factors associated with a consistently high acute pain trajectory after surgical treatment of traumatic fractures in Ethiopia: a multi-center prospective cohort study

Variables

Traffic-related injury (n = 108)

Machine/tool-related injury or conflict (n = 52)

Fall-related injury (n = 50)

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

Lifestyle

Alcohol (Ref: never used)

0.65

0.25–1.65

0.36

0.43

0.08–2.45

0.34

0.30

0.06–1.58

0.16

Clinical characteristics

Preoperative worst pain intensity (range: 0–10)

1.48

1.23–1.79

 < 0.001

1.58

1.11–2.26

0.01

1.47

1.08–1.99

0.01

Duration of surgery (minutes)

1.00

0.99–1.01

0.26

1.01

0.99–1.04

0.08

1.02

1.00–1.03

0.04

Types of anesthesia

Spinal (Ref: general)

0.58

0.21–1.65

0.31

0.34

0.05–2.34

0.27

1.30

0.23–7.38

0.76

Nerve block (Ref: general)

0.19

0.04–0.87

0.03

0.12

0.01–1.56

0.10

0.47

0.05–4.29

0.51

Psychological

Depression (range: 0–21)

0.88

0.77–1.02

0.08

0.84

0.64–1.12

0.24

0.96

0.77–1.19

0.70

  1. §Rapid postoperative pain relief class as reference; Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval
  2. P-values < .05 were considered statistically significant; Ref = reference