Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with consistently high postoperative pain class membership
Variables | Full | ||
|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P value | |
Socio-demographic | |||
Age, years | 1.03 | 0.99–1.07 | 0.17 |
Female sex (Ref: male) | 0.48 | 0.13–1.78 | 0.27 |
Education status | |||
Secondary (Ref: primary) | 2.10 | 0.34–12.80 | 0.42 |
Higher (Ref: primary) | 0.17 | 0.02–1.44 | 0.16 |
Residence | |||
Rural (Ref: urban) | 3.42 | 0.61–19.30 | 0.16 |
Cause of injury | |||
Machine/tool injury or conflict (Ref: traffic accident) | 0.19 | 0.06–0.63 | 0.006 |
Fall (Ref: traffic accident) | 0.32 | 0.02–1.22 | 0.07 |
Lifestyle | |||
Khat (Ref: never used) | 0.38 | 0.14–1.02 | 0.054 |
Smoking (Ref: never smoked) | 2.70 | 0.68–10.74 | 0.16 |
Alcohol (Ref: never used) | 0.36 | 0.14–0.91 | 0.03 |
Clinical | |||
Preoperative worst pain intensity (range: 0–10) | 1.38 | 1.16–1.64 |  < 0.001 |
Duration of surgery (in minutes) | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.02 |
Previous surgery (Ref: No previous surgery) | 1.34 | 0.31–5.85 | 0.69 |
Anesthesia type | |||
Spinal (Ref: general anesthesia) | 0.44 | 0.16–1.19 | 0.10 |
Nerve block (Ref: general anesthesia) | 0.21 | 0.05–0.79 | 0.02 |
Psychological | |||
Anxiety (range 0–21) | 1.06 | 0.94–1.19 | 0.38 |
Depression (range 0–21) | 0.80 | 0.69–0.93 | 0.003 |
Pain catastrophizing (range 0–52) | 1.04 | 0.98–1.12 | 0.19 |