Table 1 The summary table of the information extracted from eligible studies
Author | Year | Country | Robot device | Disease | Instrumented vertebral body | Age | Male/female | Study design | Number of patients underwent conventional surgery | Number of pedicle screws under conventional method | Number of patients underwent robot-assisted surgery | Number of pedicle screws under robot-assisted method | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Grade A | Grade B | Grade C | Grade D | Grade E | Overall | Grade A | Grade B | Grade C | Grade D | Grade E | |||||||||||
Li et al. | 2020 | China | Orthbot | Degenerative lumbar disease or lumbar spinal stenosis | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 23 ~ 63 | 7/10 | RCT | 10 | 50 | 39 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 32 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Li et al. (a) | 2021 | China | Orthbot | Lumbar spinal stenosis | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 40 ~ 60 | 29/27 | RCT | 29 | 136 | 98 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 128 | 94 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Li et al. (b) | 2021 | China | Orthbot | Lumbar spinal stenosis | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 40 ~ 60 | 10/14 | RCT | 11 | 48 | 32 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 58 | 42 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hyun et al. | 2017 | South Korea | Renaissance | Degenerative lumbar disease | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 67 (mean) | 17/43 | RCT | 30 | 140 | 133 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 130 | 127 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kim. et al. | 2016 | South Korea | RenaissanceL | Lumbar spinal stenosis | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 40 ~ 80 | 41/37 | RCT | 41 | 172 | 158 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 158 | 148 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Kim et al. | 2015 | South Korea | Renaissance | Degenerative lumbar disease | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 40 ~ 85 | 19/21 | RCT | 20 | 80 | 73 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 76 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ringel et al. | 2012 | German | SpineAssist | Lumbar instability | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 67 (median) | 26/34 | RCT | 30 | 152 | 103 | 38 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 30 | 146 | 82 | 42 | 16 | 5 | 1 |
Roser et al. | 2013 | German | SpineAssist | Vertebral body fracture or degenerative instability | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 18 ~ | NA | RCT | 10 | 40 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Xu et al. | 2018 | China | TiRobot | Thoracolumbar fracture | Thoracolumbar | 47 (mean) | 25/18 | RCT | 19 | 106 | 78 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 24 | 132 | 127 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tian et al. | 2016 | China | TiRobot | Lumbar fracture or lumbar spondylolisthesis | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 54 (mean) | 17/23 | RCT | 17 | 95 | 88 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 102 | 99 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Huang et al. | 2020 | China | TiRobot | Degenerative lumbar disease | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 55 (mean) | 33/27 | RCT | 32 | 128 | 108 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 112 | 106 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Feng et al. | 2019 | China | TiRobot | Degenerative lumbar disease | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 68 (mean) | 25/55 | RCT | 40 | 225 | 206 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 202 | 199 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Han et al. | 2018 | China | TiRobot | Thoracolumbar degenerative or traumatic disorders | Thoracolumbar | 18 ~ 80 | 113/121 | RCT | 119 | 584 | 503 | 43 | 27 | 8 | 3 | 115 | 532 | 507 | 18 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
Yang et al. | 2019 | China | TiRobot | Thoracolumbar fracture or degenerative lumbar disease | Thoracolumbar, lumbar or lumbosacral | 45 (mean) | 49/39 | RCT | 43 | 202 | 164 | 22 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 45 | 208 | 203 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Feng et al. | 2020 | China | TiRobot | Degenerative lumbar disease | Lumbar or lumbosacral | 64 (mean) | 31/49 | RCT | 40 | 174 | 162 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 170 | 167 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |