Table 7 Patient characteristics (conservative vs. surgical)

Gender (n)

 Female

26

24

0.959

0.003

 Male

40

15

Age (yr)

52.88 ± 14.10

51.33 ± 15.02

0.597

0.531

Level

 L2–3

1

0

 L3–4

5

4

0.418

0.655

 L4–5

35

15

0.876

0.024

 L5–S1

25

20

0.770

0.086

Course (n)

 n ≤ 3 months

36

11

0.004

− 2.988

 3 months < n < 1 year

7

3

 n ≥ 1 year

23

25

Chronic disease (n)

 Hypertension

30

17

0.621

0.244

 Diabetes

25

15

0.918

0.011

BMI

23.00 ± 2.24

23.27 ± 2.61

0.241

− 1.180