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Table 4 Comparison of differences in LIV grouping parameters

From: How to make a more optimal surgical plan for Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: a comparative study based on the changes of the sagittal alignment and selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra

Age (year)

 ≥ L3 group (N = 22)

L4 group (N = 41)

 ≤ L5 group (N = 31)

P value among the three groups

14.5 ± 2.8

16.0 ± 3.4

18.0 ± 3.5

0.155

Pre-op

Post-op

L-FU

P-value

Pre-op

Post-op

L-FU

P-value

Pre-op

Post-op

L-FU

P-value

Pre-op

Post-op

L-FU

Major TL/L curve(°)

38.2 ± 13.6

14.4 ± 10.3

15.7 ± 10.7

0.034*

42.8 ± 9.7

12.6 ± 8.8

13.0 ± 7.0

 < 0.001*

50.0 ± 12.2

15.4 ± 15.4

20.2 ± 16.7

0.033*

0.255

0.847

0.394

CL (°)

7.1 ± 9.7

8.4 ± 10.1

4.8 ± 16.4

0.565

3.1 ± 13.5

1.9 ± 8.8

2.9 ± 13.1

0.113

1.1 ± 4.5

4.2 ± 10.1

7.5 ± 10.8

0.304

0.535

0.315

0.264

PrTK (°)

7.5 ± 6.1

10.1 ± 4.7

5.2 ± 9.6

0.21

9.1 ± 6.5

11.5 ± 8.5

8.0 ± 6.8

0.612

12.0 ± 3.9

17.0 ± 3.2

8.5 ± 3.3

0.193

0.524

0.314

0.655

TK (°)

29.5 ± 14.5

29.6 ± 6.3

22.1 ± 27.5

0.618

22.6 ± 12.7

25.9 ± 12.7

33.1 ± 13.3

 < 0.001*

16.7 ± 8.1

19.9 ± 14.3

17.1 ± 14.9

0.95

0.27

0.424

0.189

LL (°)

 − 56.1 ± 11.8

 − 56.9 ± 13.7

 − 54.2 ± 11.0

0.534

 − 51.9 ± 13.9

 − 51.3 ± 11.8

 − 54.8 ± 13.1

0.418

 − 51.0 ± 8.7

 − 45.2 ± 10.3

 − 40.2 ± 14.6

0.881

0.189

0.313

0.047*

PI (°)

48.7 ± 17.0

51.7 ± 21.7

49.8 ± 20.8

0.688

48.4 ± 11.7

45.0 ± 13.9

47.1 ± 9.0

0.143

54.7 ± 14.7

57.9 ± 12.8

58.4 ± 17.2

0.49

0.704

0.305

0.267

PT (°)

9.3 ± 7.4

10.5 ± 10.7

5.1 ± 14.2

0.313

7.9 ± 7.7

5.1 ± 7.4

7.3 ± 9.4

0.825

17.5 ± 5.4

21.1 ± 15.9

24.0 ± 11.1

0.287

0.082

0.020*

0.023*

SS (°)

39.4 ± 10.5

41.2 ± 13.3

43.2 ± 27.4

0.453

40.5 ± 10.0

40.0 ± 11.1

36.8 ± 10.0

0.248

37.2 ± 10.2

36.9 ± 5.5

34.3 ± 7.4

0.472

0.834

0.824

0.864

PJA (°)

8.8 ± 4.7

7.0 ± 5.9

9.7 ± 6.0

0.011*

6.9 ± 5.2

6.2 ± 4.2

8.5 ± 5.2

0.044*

12.4 ± 6.5

5.9 ± 10.8

5.5 ± 15.2

0.895

0.182

0.003*

0.006*

T1 slope (°)

15.7 ± 10.5

14.3 ± 7.1

17.0 ± 10.8

0.647

13.9 ± 9.3

18.3 ± 8.9

17.5 ± 9.0

0.238

14.0 ± 6.9

22.3 ± 6.9

15.9 ± 1.2

0.587

0.913

0.353

0.946

SF-36

43.2 ± 4.1

39.7 ± 4.5

0.039*

44.5 ± 5.1

41.7 ± 4.3

0.043*

43.5 ± 5.4

33.7 ± 5.5

0.027*

0.718

0.037*

SRS-22

4.6 ± 0.8

4.0 ± 0.1

0.044*

4.5 ± 0.4

4.2 ± 0.5

0.037*

4.4 ± 0.3

3.7 ± 0.5

0.012*

0.634

0.037*

  1. Values indicate mean ± standard deviation
  2. *Significant difference
  3. When LIV > L3, it means LIV is higher than L3. Pre-op preoperative; Post-op postoperative; L-FU last follow-up; PI pelvic incidence; PT pelvic tilt; SS sacral slope; LL lumbar lordosis; PrTK proximal thoracic kyphosis; TK thoracic kyphosis; CL cervical lordosis; TL/L thoracolumbar/lumbar