Table 5 Factors associated with foot health
From: Foot health and quality of life among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Predictors | Foot pain | Foot function | General foot health | Footwear | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (95% CI) | P | B (95% CI) | P | B (95% CI) | P | B (95% CI) | P | |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Female | − 8.48 (− 13.21 to − 3.75) | < 0.001 | − 3.12 (− 7.34 to 1.11) | 0.148 | − 6.96 (− 11.42 to − 2.51) | 0.002 | − 5.80 (− 12.29 to 0.69) | 0.079 |
Medications | ||||||||
No meds | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
One condition | − 13.19 (− 19.36 to − 7.01) | < 0.001 | − 6.78 (− 12.30 to − 1.27) | 0.016 | − 7.99 (− 13.81 to − 2.18) | 0.007 | − 6.36 (− 14.82 to 2.11) | 0.141 |
Two conditions | − 17.30 (− 28.03 to − 6.57) | 0.002 | − 11.33 (− 20.92 to − 1.74) | 0.021 | − 20.15 (− 30.25 to − 10.05) | < 0.001 | − 16.29 (− 31.01 to − 1.58) | 0.030 |
Smoking | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | − 6.12 (− 11.38 to − 0.86) | 0.023 | − 3.03 (− 7.73 to 1.67) | 0.206 | − 2.61 (− 7.57 to 2.34) | 0.300 | − 2.92 (− 10.13 to 4.30) | 0.427 |
Regular exercise | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | − 2.49 (− 7.21 to 2.23) | 0.300 | − 1.23 (− 5.45 to 2.98) | 0.565 | 1.16 (− 3.28 to 5.61) | 0.607 | 0.30 (− 6.17 to 6.77) | 0.927 |
Health insurance | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 0.60 (− 3.94 to 5.15) | 0.794 | − 0.25 (− 4.31 to 3.82) | 0.905 | − 2.85 (− 7.12 to 1.43) | 0.192 | − 6.01 (− 12.24 to 0.22) | 0.059 |
Education | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 5.16 (− 0.48 to 10.79) | 0.073 | 8.75 (3.72 to 13.79) | 0.001 | 4.64 (− 0.66 to 9.94) | 0.086 | − 0.25 (− 7.98 to 7.48) | 0.949 |