Fig. 6

TGM2 activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote cell migration and differentiation. A β-catenin protein level in BMSCs silencing or overexpressing TGM2 was quantitated by western blotting. B and C Phosphorylated GSK3a/b, Axin1, and APC protein levels in response to TGM2 deficiency or overexpression were quantified using western blotting. D Topflash activities of four groups (pcDNA, pcDNA + DKK1, pcDNA-TGM2, and pcDNA-TGM2 + DKK1) were measured by the luciferase activity assay. E Wound healing assay was performed to detect cell migration in the above-mentioned four groups. F–I ALP, OCN, and RUNX2 mRNA and protein levels in BMSCs of the above four groups were detected using qPCR and western blotting. **p < 0.01